烟渣有机肥对大豆结瘤及生长的影响  

Effects of Tobacco Residue Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Nodule Formation of Soybean

作　　者：李子东 孙琪[2] 谢致平[2] 王琰 刘可星[1] LI Zidong;SUN Qi;XIE Zhiping;WANG Yan;LIU Kexing(College of Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;School of Life Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642 [2]中山大学生命科学学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《大豆科学》2025年第2期93-100,共8页Soybean Science

基　　金：广东省重点研发项目(2023B0202080001);广州市科技计划项目(20212100024);广州市科技计划项目(20212100035)。

摘　　要：为探究烟渣有机肥对大豆结瘤及生长的影响,本研究对大豆接种4种根瘤菌,发现Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110是最佳的接种菌株,相较对照组该菌株具有显著的植物促生作用。在相同的试验环境下,设置5个不同的烟渣有机肥水平(0,10.7,21.4,42.9和85.7 g·L^(-1)),使用接种了USDA110的大豆进行结瘤试验,以未接种根瘤菌且不施用烟渣有机肥的处理作为空白对照。结果表明:两个高施肥水平的处理(42.9和85.7 g·L^(-1))显著增加了结瘤数量,21.4 g·L^(-1)施肥水平下根瘤生物量、茎叶干重、叶绿素含量和植株总干重均为最高,与不施肥处理组的植株有显著差异。与空白对照组相比,各处理组的植株氮含量增加130.00%~155.47%,磷含量在各处理间没有显著差异,而钾含量随着烟渣有机肥施用量的增加而增加。综上所述,施用烟渣有机肥可以促进大豆结瘤和植株生长,在本试验条件下,施用量21.4 g·L^(-1)为最佳。因此,烟渣有机肥能以环境友好的方式促进大豆生长,未来的研究仍需在田间条件下测试烟渣有机肥和USDA110联合肥料的效应。In order to explore the effect of tobacco residue organic fertilizer on soybean nodulation and growth.In this study,soybean plants were grown under controlled growth room conditions and inoculated with four different rhizobial strains.Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 was found to be the best inoculum strain and a considerable plant growth promoting effect was observed for this strain compared to mock-inoculated control plants.In a similar growth room experiment,organic fertilizer from tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum)residues was applied to soybean plants that were inoculated with USDA110.Five different fertilizer levels(0,10.7,21.4,42.9 and 85.7 g·L^(-1))were used.Non-inoculated control plants without fertilizer were included in the experiment.At the time of harvest(28 days post inoculation),the number of nodules per plant significantly increased for the two highest fertilizer levels while the nodule biomass was the highest at the 21.4 g·L^(-1) fertilizer level.Likewise,the shoot dry weight and estimated chlorophyll levels in leaves showed a maximum at this fertilizer level.Furthermore,the plant biomass(shoot and root biomass combined)was the highest at this fertilizer level and significantly different from non-fertilized plants inoculated with or without USDA110.Compared with non-inoculated control plants without fertilizer,nitrogen contents were at least 2-fold higher in the inoculated plants independently of the fertilizer level.Phosphorus levels were not different among all plant samples while potassium levels increased with increasing fertilizer amounts.In conclusion,the results of this study show that residues from tobacco plants can be used as an organic fertilizer for soybeans and that a concentration of 21.4 g·L^(-1) was optimal for plants inoculated with USDA110 under the used test conditions.Future studies are needed to test the combined fertilizer effects of tobacco residues and USDA110 under field conditions.It is suggested that tobacco residues can promote soybean production in an environmentally frien

关 键 词：烟草废弃物 有机肥 根瘤菌 共生固氮 植物促生作用 大豆 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]