“内卷式”竞争:表现、成因及治理  

"Involution" Competition: Performance, Causes and Governance

作　　者：王海燕[1] 张占斌[1,2] WANG Hai-yan;ZHANG Zhan-bin

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)马克思主义学院 [2]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)中国式现代化研究中心

出　　处：《改革》2025年第3期11-21,共11页Reform

基　　金：研究阐释党的二十届三中全会精神国家社科基金重大专项“加快形成同新质生产力更相适应的生产关系问题研究”(24ZDA021)。

摘　　要：“内卷式”竞争是由于行业企业数量过多(资本等要素过度投入),产量增长的速度远超市场容量扩张的速度,造成企业利润水平快速下降(资本等要素边际收益递减),为了生存,企业之间展开的手段越来越复杂细微、程度不断加剧、结果不断恶化的竞争。“内卷式”竞争已蔓延至我国新兴行业,影响到技术创新和高质量发展。“内卷式”竞争的根源在于供给远大于需求,行业特征与结构、政府过度干预经济、市场机制不完善、企业短期性行为等因素在不同方面加剧了这种失衡。综合整治“内卷式”竞争,关键是去“过密化”,为企业(资本等要素)提供更大的发展空间;通过促进行业转型升级,提质增效。同时,不断完善市场机制,提高治理能力,去除加剧“内卷”的各种因素,规范竞争行为。"Involution"competition is a competition in which the number of enterprises in the industry is too large(excessive investment of factors such as capital)and the growth rate of output is far faster than the expansion rate of market capacity,resulting in a rapid decline in the level of enterprise profits(diminishing marginal returns of factors such as capital).In order to survive,the means of competition between enterprises are becoming more and more complicated,the degree is increasing,and the results are deteriorating."Involution"competition has spread to China's emerging industries,affecting technological innovation and high-quality development.The root cause of"Involution"competition is that the supply is far greater than the demand.Factors such as characteristics and structure of the industry,excessive government intervention in the economy,imperfect market mechanism,and short-term behavior of enterprises exacerbate this imbalance in different aspects.The key to comprehensively rectify the"Involution"competition is to"de densify"and provide greater development space for enterprises(capital and other elements),and improve quality and efficiency by promoting the transformation and upgrading of the industry.At the same time,we will continue to improve the market mechanism,improve governance capabilities,remove various factors that exacerbate"Involution",and standardize competitive behavior.

关 键 词：“内卷式”竞争 供需关系 公平竞争 

分 类 号：F123[经济管理—世界经济]