中国环境监管体制改革:进展、问题与展望——兼论“十五五”时期改革着力点  

Progress, Problems, and Prospects of China's Environmental Regulatory System Reform: A Discussion on the Key Points of Reform during the 15th Five-Year Plan Period

作　　者：陈健鹏[1] 高世楫[1] CHEN Jian-peng;GAO Shi-ji

机构地区：[1]国务院发展研究中心资源与环境政策研究所

出　　处：《改革》2025年第3期22-37,共16页Reform

基　　金：研究阐释党的二十大精神国家社科基金重大项目“中国式现代化进程下美丽中国建设目标、重点任务和协同推进路径研究”(23ZDA104)。

摘　　要：环境监管体制改革是我国生态文明体制改革的关键改革任务之一。依循环境监管立法、环境监管组织体系与职能配置、监管工具、行政执法、问责机制的分析框架,对我国环境监管体制改革的基本逻辑和进展情况进行系统分析。整体而言,我国环境监管立法取得显著进展;通过同步推进纵向职责调整和横向部门整合,环境监管组织体系实现系统性重塑;环境监管政策体系不断优化,环境监管工具的协同性和有效性显著增强;环境行政执法的制度化和规范化水平持续提升;环境监管的监督问责机制逐步健全。“十五五”时期深化环境监管体制改革,应以构建专业、依法、公开、透明、可问责的现代化环境监管体系为目标,持续理顺环境监管组织体系与职能配置,着力提升环境监管工具箱的协同性和有效性,完善行政执法规范和程序,优化督察问责机制,为微观主体提供清晰且可预期的环境守法边界,全面提升环境监管质量。The reform of China's environmental regulatory system is a critical component of the broader ecological civilization reform agenda.This paper employs an analytical framework encompassing environmental regulatory legislation,institutional structure and functional configuration,regulatory instruments,administrative enforcement,and accountability mechanisms to systematically examine the rationale and progress of China's environmental regulatory reforms.Notable advancements have been achieved across multiple dimensions:environmental regulatory legislation has been substantially strengthened;the restructuring of environmental supervisory institutions has been systematically advanced through both vertical realignment of responsibilities and horizontal departmental integration;the environmental regulatory policy system has been continuously upgraded,enhancing the synergy and effectiveness of regulatory instruments;environmental administrative enforcement has become increasingly institutionalized and standardized;and accountability mechanisms for environmental regulation have been sustained.Looking ahead to the 15th Five-Year Plan period,the reform of environmental regulatory system should focus on establishing a modernized framework that is professional,law-based,transparent,and accountable.Key objectives should include streamlining institutional structures and functional allocations,enhancing the synergy and efficacy of regulatory instruments,standardizing enforcement procedures,optimizing supervisory and accountability mechanisms,defining clear and predictable compliance boundaries for regulated entities,and improving overall regulatory effectiveness.

关 键 词：环境监管 环境监管体制改革 生态文明体制 环境治理 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]