金属单质类物料的固体废物属性鉴别  

Solid waste identification of materials containing metallic elemental substance

作　　者：武素茹 李权斌 张庆建 朱锦波 马辉 姚毅荣 WU Suru;LI Quanbin;ZHANG Qingjian;ZHU Jinbo;MA Hui;YAO Yirong(Chemicals,Minerals and Metallic Materials Inspection Centre of Tianjin Customs,Tianjin 300456,China;Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266520,China)

机构地区：[1]天津海关化矿金属材料检测中心,天津300456 [2]青岛理工大学,山东青岛266520

出　　处：《冶金分析》2025年第3期10-16,共7页Metallurgical Analysis

基　　金：海关总署科技项目(2023HK008);天津海关科技项目(2021THK018)。

摘　　要：申报品名为“粗锌粉、黄铜粉”的样品,它们属于化学成分主要为金属单质的物料,已经过很大程度的还原提纯,但品质依然参差不齐,固体废物属性难以判断。按照国家标准GB 34330—2017的判断思路,此类样品的来源推断对其固体废物属性而言很重要。本文针对典型锌粉、黄铜粉冶金产物,通过元素含量、物相组成、微观形貌及粒度分布等特征分析,进行了固体废物属性鉴别研究。重点探讨了样品的微观形貌在样品来源工艺推断方面所起的重要作用,并建立了金属单质类物料固体废物属性鉴别方法。锌粉的物相主要为金属锌,其次为氧化锌和碱式氯化锌;同时锌粉的微观形貌为球形,主要来源于火法挥发工艺。黄铜粉的主要物相为铜锌合金和金属铅,另有一些氧化铜、氧化亚铜和氧化锌,以及少量碱式碳酸铜铝,另外还掺杂有棉絮;同时黄铜粉的微观形貌为长条屑状卷曲,形如刀削,主要来源于磨削、抛光等加工工艺。最后以国家标准GB 34330—2017为鉴别依据,对实际含金属单质类样品的固体废物属性进行鉴别,为海关执法提供技术支撑。The sample declared as"coarse zinc powder and brass powder"belongs to the materials with metallic elemental substance as the main chemical composition.These materials have been reduced and purified significantly,but the quality is still varied and the solid waste identification is difficult.According to the judgment approach of GB 34330-2017,the source inferring of such samples plays an important role in the identification of solid waste attribute.In this study,the solid waste identification of two typical metallurgical products materials,i.e.,zinc powder and brass powder,was conducted by analyzing the characteristics of element content,phase composition,microscopic appearance,and particle size distribution.The important role of microscopic appearance in inferring the source process of samples was discussed,and the method for solid waste identification of materials containing with metallic elemental substances was established.The main phase of zinc powder was metallic zinc followed by zinc oxide and tetrabasic zinc chloride.The microscopic appearance of zinc powder was spherical,which was mainly from the pyrometallurgical volatilization process.The main phases of brass powder were copper-zinc alloy and metallic lead,and it also contained some copper oxide,cuprous oxide and zinc oxide as well as little Cu6Al2(OH)16CO34H2O.Moreover,there was also cotton impurity.Moreover,the microscopic appearance of brass powder was long curl strip shaped like a knife cutting,and it was mainly from the processing techniques of grinding cutting and polishing.Finally,the solid waste attribute of actual sample containing metallic elemental substance was identified using GB 34330-2017 as the basis,which provided technical support for the customs enforcement.

关 键 词：锌粉 黄铜粉 微观形貌 固体废物鉴别 物相 

分 类 号：O657.31[理学—分析化学]