离子吸附型稀土矿开采机制研究进展  

Research Progress on Mining Mechanism of Ion-Adsorption Type Rare Earth Ore

作　　者：康石长 王高锋 凌博闻 徐永进 梁晓亮[1,2] 朱建喜 何宏平[1,2] Kang Shichang;Wang Gaofeng;Ling Bowen;Xu Yongjin;Liang Xiaoliang;Zhu Jianxi;He Hongping(Guangzhou Instiute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Material,CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science,Guangzhou 510640,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory for Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Systems,Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所、中国科学院矿物学与成矿学重点实验室、广东省矿物物理与材料研究开发重点实验室,中国科学院深地科学卓越创新中心,广东广州510640 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院力学研究所流固耦合系统力学重点实验室,北京100190

出　　处：《中国稀土学报》2025年第2期268-283,共16页Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目(2019B030302013);国家自然科学基金项目(42102037);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2023A1515012927);广东省科技创新领军人才(2019TX05L169);广东省重点实验室运行项目(2020B1212060055)资助。

摘　　要：离子吸附型稀土矿的开采主要基于离子交换和稀土溶液运移。为实现离子吸附型稀土矿绿色高效开采,研究者们提出了一系列的开采工艺,并建立了相关的稀土运移和渗流理论。本文综述了目前现有或潜在的离子吸附型稀土矿开采工艺,重点分析了浸出动力学、塔板、对流扩散和外加电场驱动等稀土离子运移理论,探讨了开采过程风化壳中稀土溶液的渗流特性及影响因素,提出钙盐镁盐浸出、生物浸出和电动开采等开采工艺的优化思路,即应采用微观谱学、数值模拟和多学科交叉等手段加强稀土离子运移理论和风化壳中稀土溶液渗流特性的基础研究,实现离子吸附型稀土矿绿色高效开采。The mining of ion-adsorption type rare earth ore is mainly based on ion exchange and rare earth migration.In order to realize the green and efficient leaching of ion-adsorption type rare earth ore,a series of mining technology is proposed,and the related theories of rare earth migration and seepage are established.In this paper,the green and efficient ion-adsorption type rare earth mining technology or potential methods are reviewed,and the theories of rare earth ion migration such as leaching kinetics,height equivalent to a theoretical plate,convection diffusion equation and external electric field driving are analyzed.The percolation characteristics and influencing factors of rare earth solution in weathering crust during leaching are discussed,and optimization ideas for emerging mining processes such as calcium and magnesium salt leaching,bioleach and electric mining are proposed.It is necessary to strengthen the basic research on the theory of rare earth ion migration and the seepage characteristics of rare earth solution in weathering crust by means of microspectroscopy,numerical simulation and interdisciplinary,so as to realize the green and efficient mining of rare earth ore with ion adsorption.

关 键 词：离子吸附型稀土矿 采矿 稀土运移 渗流 

分 类 号：TF01[冶金工程—冶金物理化学] TD80[矿业工程—矿山开采]