巴基斯坦的恐怖主义威胁及反恐政策  

Pakistan's Terrorist Threat and Counter-Terrorism Policy

作　　者：李伟[1] Li Wei

机构地区：[1]中国现代国际关系研究院反恐研究中心

出　　处：《现代国际关系》2025年第3期78-94,137,共18页

摘　　要：自2021年8月阿富汗塔利班再次执掌政权以及美国从阿富汗撤军以来,巴基斯坦的恐怖主义形势急剧恶化。巴基斯坦塔利班(简称“巴塔”)、俾路支分离势力和“伊斯兰国”呼罗珊分支(简称呼罗珊分支)等暴恐势力趁机作乱,在巴基斯坦全境频繁袭击政府部门等“高价值目标”,其中开普省和俾路支省遭受的袭击尤为严重,中巴经济走廊项目及人员也多次遭袭。巴基斯坦恐怖主义形势恶化有多方面的原因。从内部看,巴基斯坦国家治理方面的问题不少,未能有效铲除滋生恐怖主义的土壤。从外部看,阿塔再次执掌政权及美国从阿富汗撤军引发地区安全格局的剧变,导致巴基斯坦恐怖主义活动显著增加。巴基斯坦与阿塔之间的关系恶化,加深了巴基斯坦反恐斗争的复杂性。为应对日益严峻的恐怖主义威胁,巴基斯坦两届政府先后出台多项反恐政策,显示了反恐决心,但收效不大。巴基斯坦仍面临恐怖主义威胁的巨大压力,安全形势不容乐观。Since the Taliban in Afghanistan(referred to as the Afghan Taliban)seized power in August 2021 and the United States withdrew its troops from Afghanistan,the threat of terrorism in Pakistan has deteriorated sharply.Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan(TTP),Baloch separatist forces,and the Islamic State Khorasan Province(ISKP)have taken the opportunity to cause trouble.They have frequently launched attacks on"high-value targets"such as government departments throughout Pakistan.Among them,attacks in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa(KP)province and Balochistan province have been particularly severe.The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor projects and personnel have also been attacked multiple times.The worsening terrorist threat in Pakistan is the result of a complex interplay of domestic and international factors.Domestically,Pakistan's governance during this period has been inadequate in effectively eradicating the breeding ground for terrorism.Internationally,the Afghan Taliban's takeover and the US withdrawal from Afghanistan have triggered a dramatic shift in the regional security landscape,expanding the operational space for terrorist forces in Pakistan.In terms of foreign relations,the deterioration of relations between Pakistan and the Afghan Taliban has had a negative impact on Pakistan's counter-terrorism situation,further exacerbating the terrorist threats that Pakistan faces.To address the increasingly severe threat of terrorism,both Imran Khan and Shehbaz Sharif have introduced a series of counterterrorism strategies and measures.These measures have demonstrated the Pakistani government's determination to combat terrorism to some extent.However,given the difficulty in resolving the underlying causes of the worsening terrorist threat,the effectiveness of these measures remains limited.The future terrorist threat in Pakistan is likely to remain high,and the security situation will continue to be severe.

关 键 词：巴基斯坦 恐怖主义 反恐合作 中巴经济走廊 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]