资源相互依赖的武器化与去武器化  

Weaponization and De-weaponization of Resource Interdependence

作　　者：宋亦明 姜礼豪 王文龙 Song Yiming;Jiang Lihao;Wang Wenlong(Beijing Foreign Studies University)

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《国际经济合作》2025年第2期13-25,89,共14页Journal of International Economic Cooperation

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“‘一带一路’能源基础设施互联互通的政治风险研究”(编号:2023ZX026)。

摘　　要：近半个世纪以来,复合相互依赖已经从国际政治经济关系的稳定器异变为跨国经济胁迫的重要武器。为了更好地理解相互依赖的“武器化转向”,本文在与经济制裁、经济方略、经济安全等文献对话的基础上,尝试探讨不同类型的资源相互依赖武器化程度存在差异的成因。研究发现,石油因其产销结构的高度分散、储备体系的完善、卡特尔组织的失效而呈现出去武器化态势。天然气因为运输高度依赖资产专用性较高的管道、遵循长约合同的商业方式、受制于明显的季节性因素而呈现出较低程度的武器化态势。以镓、锗等为代表的关键矿产因为储量的稀缺性、生产的集中性和功能的相对不可替代性而呈现出较高程度的武器化态势。可以预见,未来关键矿产将成为大国战略竞争的主要武器和国际经济纷争的重要原因。Over the past half century,complex interdependence has changed from a stabilizer of international political and economic relations to a powerful weapon of transnational economic coercion.To better understand such a shift toward weaponization,this study attempts to explore the causes of varying weaponization degrees of different types of resource interdependence based on the review of existing literature on economic sanction,economic statecraft and economic security.The study finds that oil has shown a de-weaponization trend due to its highly dispersed production and marketing structure,the maturity of the reserve system,and the ineffectiveness of the oil cartel.Natural gas has shown a low degree of weaponization because of its high dependency on pipelines with high asset specificity,its business approach of following a long-term contract,and its obvious subjection to seasonal factors.Meanwhile,critical minerals represented by gallium and germanium have shown a high degree of weaponization because of the scarcity of reserves,the concentration of production,and the low fungibility of functions.It is foreseeable that in the future,critical minerals will become the main weapon of strategic competition among major powers and an important source of international economic disputes.

关 键 词：相互依赖 经济方略 武器化 资源安全 化石能源 关键矿产 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系] F113[政治法律—政治学]