韶关市无偿献血者HBV、HCV、HIV感染检测与分析  

Detection and analysis of HBV,HCV and HIV infection among voluntary blood donors in Shaoguan area

作　　者：霍宝锋 吴显劲 张天弼 刘智敏 张国英 林奕斌 王莉娟 梁海燕 向庆林 HUO Baofeng;WU Xianjin;ZHANG Tianbi;LIU Zhimin;ZHANG Guoying;LIN Yibin;WANG Lijuan;LIANG Haiyan;XIANG Qinglin(Shantou University Medical College,Guangdong,Shantou 440500,China;Shaoguan Central Blood Station,Guangdong,Shaoguan 512000,China)

机构地区：[1]汕头大学医学院,广东汕头440500 [2]广东省韶关市中心血站,广东韶关512000

出　　处：《中国医药科学》2025年第5期155-158,共4页China Medicine And Pharmacy

基　　金：韶关市卫生健康科研项目(Y22255)。

摘　　要：目的分析韶关市无偿献血人群中血源性传染疾病的检测情况,探究血液安全隐患。方法选取2022年1月至2023年12月于韶关市参加无偿献血的56718例无偿献血者为调查对象,收集所有无偿献血者的一般资料,采集无偿献血者血样标本进行酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),分析无偿献血者乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染情况及其在不同人群中的流行趋势。结果56718例无偿献血者共检出227例阳性,其中HBV感染者118例,占0.22%,HCV感染者77例,占0.14%,HIV感染者32例,占0.06%。2023年无偿献血者检出的阳性率低于2020年无偿献血者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别、年龄、学历、献血史的无偿献血者HBV、HCV、HIV感染率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同体重指数、血型、职业的无偿献血者HBV、HCV、HIV感染率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论韶关地区无偿献血人群结构中男性、低学历、36~60岁、初次献血人群检测HBV、HCV、HIV阳性率较高,应针对该人群制订献血前健康征询和加强病原体快筛力度,降低输血传播病原体感染风险。Objective To analyze the detection rates of blood-borne infectious diseases among blood donors in Shaoguan and to explore potential blood safety risks.Methods A total of 56,718 voluntary blood donors who participated in blood donation in Shaoguan from January 2022 to December 2023 were included in this study.General demographic data were collected,and blood samples were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)to detect hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis C virus(HCV),and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infections.The prevalence trends of these infections across different demographic groups were analyzed.Results Among the 56,718 blood donors,227 tested positive for infections,including 118 cases of HBV(0.22%),77 cases of HCV(0.14%),and 32 cases of HIV(0.06%).The positive detection rate in 2023 was significantly lower than that in 2020(P<0.05).Statistically significant differences were observed in the infection rates of HBV,HCV,and HIV among donors of different genders,ages,educational levels,and donation histories(P<0.05).However,no significant differences were found in infection rates among donors with different body mass indices,blood types,or occupations(P>0.05).Conclusion In the Shaoguan region,higher rates of HBV,HCV,and HIV infections were detected among male donors,those with lower educational levels,individuals aged 36-60 years,and first-time donors.Targeted pre-donation health consultations and rapid pathogen screening for these populations are recommended to reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted infec tions.

关 键 词：无偿献血 乙型肝炎病毒 丙型肝炎病毒 人类免疫缺陷病毒 

分 类 号：R446.6[医药卫生—诊断学] R457.1[医药卫生—临床医学]