黄鹂无齿鲹的驯养及人工繁殖技术研究  

Study on the domestication and artificial propagation technology of golden trevally,Gnathanodon speciosus

作　　者：施钢[1] 黄晓晴 曾珍 孙琛琛 潘传豪[1] SHI Gang;HUANG Xiaoqing;ZENG Zhen;SUN Chenchen;PAN Chuanhao(College of Fisheries,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学水产学院,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《热带海洋学报》2025年第2期115-123,共9页Journal of Tropical Oceanography

基　　金：广东海洋大学创新强校工程项目(2019KTSCS056)。

摘　　要：2017年至2023年对黄鹂无齿鲹野生群体进行驯养、催熟,并对其人工繁殖技术进行了初步研究。自然成熟产卵的受精卵为透明、球形浮性卵,卵黄囊有油球1个,卵径(0.85±0.04)mm,油球径(0.23±0.02)mm,每克卵量(3197±210)粒,受精卵在水温(28±0.5)℃、盐度30‰、pH 8.0~8.2、溶解氧6.05~7.13mg·L^(-1)的海水中,胚胎历时17h17min完成胚胎发育,其胚胎发育分为卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期和孵化期6个阶段。孵化的生态学总积温为483.84℃·h,初孵仔鱼全长(2.01±0.14)mm,受精卵孵化率为94.95%;在水温(29.5±2.0)℃、盐度26‰~32‰、pH7.8~9.0、溶解氧4.90~7.50mg·L^(-1)的海水中,完成了前期仔鱼、后期仔鱼、稚鱼期、幼鱼期共4个阶段培育,从初孵仔鱼期至前期仔鱼期成活率为91.49%,出膜后14日龄进入稚鱼期,出膜后26日龄完成变态成为幼鱼,出膜后45日龄幼鱼体色和形态已与成鱼基本一致,全长(51.05±4.81)mm。本研究完成了黄鹂无齿鲹的苗种培育,总育苗成活率32.62%,并可进行全人工繁殖。An artificially bred protocol,developed for wild Gnathanodon speciosus,also named as golden trevally,was presented in this study.The embryonic development and growth process of the fish was also introduced.The wild fish were domesticated from 2017 to 2023.The fertilized eggs laid by naturally matured fish were transparent and buoyant.Single oil globule((0.23 ± 0.02) mm in diameter) was observed in the yolk sac of eggs((0.85 ± 0.04) mm in diameter).The number of eggs per gram was(3197 ± 210).The embryonic development went through six stages:cleavage,blastocyst,gastrulation,neuroblast,organogenesis and hatching.The hatching of fertilized eggs took 17 h 17 min and the hatching rate was 94.95% in sea water(salinity 30‰,pH 8.0~8.2,DO 6.05~7.13 mg·L^(-1)) at(18 ± 0.5) ℃.The ecological accumulated temperature was 483.84 ℃·h.The body length of newly hatched larvae were(2.01 ± 0.14) mm.The nurture of fish fingerlings went through four stages:early larval,late larval,juvenile and fingerling,and took 45 dph with a 32.62% survival rate in sea water(salinity 26‰~32‰,pH 7.8~9.0,DO 4.90~7.50 mg·L^(-1)) at(29.5 ± 2.0)℃.The transformation from juvenile to fingerling fish was completed at 26 dph.At 45 dph of growth,the fingerling fish((51.05 ± 4.81) mm in body length) were similar to adult fish in body shape and color.This study indicated that the golden trevally grew and spawned naturally in artificial bred condition and could be artificially reproduced.

关 键 词：黄鹂无齿鲹 驯养 人工繁殖 苗种培育 

分 类 号：P735.2[天文地球—海洋生物学]