岩石爆破基础理论研究进展与展望Ⅳ—损伤评价  

Advancements and future prospects in the fundamental theories of rock blastingresearchⅣ—Damage evaluation

作　　者：杨仁树[1] 肖成龙 左进京 李国营 王浩 许鹏 丁晨曦 李永亮[6] 王雁冰[7] 赵勇[3] 游帅 刘朕 张渊通 YANG Renshu;XIAO Chenglong;ZUO Jinjing;LI Guoying;WANG Hao;XU Peng;DING Chenxi;LI Yongliang;WANG Yanbing;ZHAO Yong;YOU Shuai;LIU Zhen;ZHANG Yuantong(School of Future Cities,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Mechatronical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;School of Resources and Safety Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Shandong Energy Group,Jinan 250014,China;School of Mathematics and Physics,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Energy and Mining Engineering,China University of Mining&Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering,China University of Mining&Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学未来城市学院,北京100083 [2]北京理工大学机电学院,北京100081 [3]北京科技大学资源与安全工程学院,北京100083 [4]山东能源集团有限公司,济南250014 [5]北京科技大学数理学院,北京100083 [6]中国矿业大学(北京)能源与矿业学院,北京100083 [7]中国矿业大学(北京)力学与土木工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《工程科学学报》2025年第4期583-593,共11页Chinese Journal of Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51934001)。

摘　　要：钻爆法施工中,爆破成型的关键在周边,周边爆破的效果决定了地下工程的爆破成型质量与围岩损伤程度.本文基于分形理论,建立了爆破损伤“宏观-细观-微观”与“点-线-面-体”的“三观四维”综合评价体系.“三观”评价体系以损伤的几何尺度为划分依据,宏观尺度(>10^(−3) m)主要关注爆破后岩石的破碎块度;细观尺度(10^(−6)~10^(−3) m)侧重评价爆炸裂隙的扩展范围;微观尺度(<10^(−6) m)着重分析爆炸裂纹的微观断口形貌.“四维”评价体系基于损伤的空间分布进行划分,点维度表示围岩内部某一点位钻孔取心后CT扫描;线维度代表围岩内部钻孔窥视;面维度关注爆破表面成型,包括超(欠)挖尺寸与壁面轮廓平整程度;体维度利用声波测试进行围岩损伤评估.应用“三观四维”综合评价体系可精准获取围岩的爆破损伤程度与范围,对爆破损伤机理的揭示与损伤的精细控制有重要的指导意义.Drilling and blasting methods employ mechanical drilling and explosive detonation to fragment rocks.These methods offer flexibility and high efficiency,making them the primary methods for underground construction.In drilling and blasting construction,the quality of peripheral blasting is crucial because it determines the blast shape as well as the extent of rock damage in underground engineering.In the first article,the authors summarized that the basic theory of rock blasting must address two key scientific issues:(1)the coupling mechanism between the work done by an explosive detonation and the energy consumption of rock fragmentation,and(2)the fine control principle of explosive energy release and blast crack propagation.The“constitutive relationship,”“dynamic-static relationship,”and“interaction mechanism between blast waves and cracks”are key approaches to solving scientific issues,whereas“damage evaluation”effectively assesses blasting effects.The keys to“damage evaluation”are the establishment of a reliable system to evaluate blasting damage and the creation of a precise metric to measure rock damage.Based on the fractal theory,an evaluation system covering“macroscopic-mesoscopic-microscopic”and“point-line-surface-cube”dimensions is established.The“three scales”evaluation system is based on the geometric damage scale.After blasting,initial defects in the rock are induced and activated.Defects at the microscopic scale(geometric scale>10^(−3) m)develop and expand,eventually manifesting as damage at the mesoscopic(geometric scale:10^(−6)-10^(−3) m)and microscopic(geometric scale<10^(−6) m)scales.The macroscopic dimension is the rock fragmentation size after blasting.The mesoscopic dimension is the range of blasting fracture expansion.The microscopic dimension is the morphology of the cracked microscopic surfaces.The“four dimensions”evaluation system assesses the blasting damage based on a spatial distribution.Points refer to CT(Computed Tomography)scanning conducted

关 键 词：岩石爆破 损伤评价 “三观四维”评价体系 分形理论 损伤变量 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]