非贵过渡金属基电解水催化剂的研究进展及工程应用前景  

Noble-metal free catalysts for electrochemical water splitting:Recent progress and perspectives on application

作　　者：高秋璐 刁鹏[1] GAO Qiulu;DIAO Peng(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100191

出　　处：《工程科学学报》2025年第4期923-939,共17页Chinese Journal of Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52271197)。

摘　　要：利用可再生电能分解水制取氢气是理想的绿色制氢方式,是氢能技术发展的基础,可有效缓解能源消耗对环境的污染,推动我国碳达峰碳中和目标的实现.然而,电解水制氢过程需要消耗大量电能,且受到高昂的催化剂成本的限制,电解水制氢技术的规模化、可持续发展存在阻力.因此,设计制备低成本、高性能的过渡金属基催化剂,以及选择热力学上更易发生的氧化反应替代高能垒的析氧反应,是提高制氢效率的主要策略.本文系统地总结了非贵过渡金属基催化剂在电解水制氢中的应用,以及阳极替代反应在降低制氢能耗方面的最新研究进展.此外,针对降低电解水制氢技术能耗,推进大规模、绿色节能的工业电解水制氢发展面临的挑战和新的机遇进行了展望.Advanced water electrolysis powered by renewable energy is the most ideal and environmentally friendly approach for hydrogen production,serving as a technological foundation for large-scale hydrogen energy applications.This process can significantly reduce environmental pollution from energy consumption and support China’s carbon neutrality goals.However,the high energy demands and costs of noble metals pose challenges to scaling up hydrogen production from water electrolysis.To enhance efficiency,developing low-cost yet highly efficient noble metal-free electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is crucial.Understanding the mechanisms behind HER and OER helps identify factors affecting electrocatalyst efficiency and design strategies to improve performance.Moreover,replacing the energy-intensive OER with more energy-efficient reactions offers another promising way to promote hydrogen production.This review summarizes recent advancements in nonprecious transition metal-based electrocatalysts for water electrolysis.Compared to noble metal-based electrocatalysts,nonprecious transition metal-based electrocatalysts like Fe,Co,and Ni-based oxides,(oxy)hydroxides,chalcogenides,and their derivates offer abundant reserves,lower costs,and adjustable catalytic properties,making them viable alternatives for large-scale water splitting.Understanding how these materials catalyze HER and the OER in different electrolytes is key to designing strategies,such as element doping,hetero-structuring,lattice defect construction,carbon composite coupling,and surface reconstruction,to reduce energy costs of electrochemical water splitting.The mechanisms behind these strategies for enhancing water electrolysis are explained through the thermodynamics of absorbed intermediates and the reaction kinetics.Beyond reducing overpotentials,another strategy involves replacing OER with the anodic oxidation reaction of organic molecules,effectively lowering the overall voltage.This review highlights

关 键 词：电催化分解水 析氢反应 析氧反应 非贵过渡金属基电催化剂 阳极替代反应 

分 类 号：TQ116.21[化学工程—无机化工] TQ426