额尔齐斯河流域绿洲区地下水水质及氟的分布规律研究  

Study on groundwater quality and fluorine distribution in Oasis Area of Irtysh River basin

作　　者：李明德 孙英 吴诗芸 周金龙[1,2] 郑钰 排黑尔丁·图尔洪 黄航伟 刘丹 LI Ming-de;SUN Ying;WU Shi-yun;ZHOU Jin-long;ZHENG Yu;PAI Hei er ding·Tu Er hong;HUANG Hang-wei;LIU Dan(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆水文水资源工程技术研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《地下水》2025年第1期15-18,共4页Ground water

基　　金：自治区人才发展基金“天池英才”引进计划项目资助;新疆农业大学2023年度大学生创新项目(dxscx2023403)。

摘　　要：额尔齐斯河流域内地表水水质总体较好,地下水资源作为该流域重要的战略后备水资源,其水化学环境及地下水质量鲜有报道。基于额尔齐斯河流域绿洲区73组地下水水样检测结果,分析区内地下水水化学特征,查明该区地下水质量和氟的分布规律。结果表明:研究区主要分布中性至弱碱性的淡水和微咸水,水化学类型以HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Na·Ca型为主(占38.4%)。单项指标评价结果表明研究区地下水质量整体较差(超标的地下水水样85.0%),主要的超标指标为SO_(4)^(2-)、TDS值、TH值和F^(-)。熵权水质指数评价结果表明,地下水水样的水质类别主要为较好、中等和优良,占比分别为34.8%、27.5%和21.7%;水质极差和较差的水样占比分别为10.2%和5.8%。水质极差和较差的水样分布较为分散,主要分布于研究区中部的北屯市。地下水氟含量变化范围为0.20~3.84 mg/L(均值为0.92mg/L)、高氟(F-含量>1.0mg/L)地下水水样占总水样的35.6%,高氟地下水主要分布于研究区中部的北屯市和福海县部分区域的浅层地下水中。Surface water quality in the Irtysh River basin is generally good.But as an important strategic reserve water resource,groundwater chemical environment and groundwater quality are rarely reported.Based on the detection results of 73 groups of groundwater samples in the oasis area of the Irtysh River basin,the chemical characteristics of groundwater in the area were analyzed,and the groundwater quality and the distribution of fluorine in the area were found out.The results showed that the freshwater and brackish water were mainly distributed in the study area,and the hydrochemical type was mainly HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Na·Ca(38.4%).The results of the evaluation of individual indicators showed that the overall quality of groundwater in the study area was poor(85.0% of the groundwater samples exceeded the standard),and the main indicators exceeding the standard were SO_(4)^(2-),TDS,TH and F^(-).The results of entropy-weighted water quality index evaluation showed that the water quality categories of groundwater samples were mainly good,moderate and excellent,accounting for 34.8%,27.5% and 21.7%,respectively;and the water samples with very poor and poor water quality accounted for 10.2% and 5.8%,respectively.The distribution of water samples with very poor and poor water quality was relatively decentralized,mainly in the city of Beitun in the central part of the study area.The content of fluorine in groundwater varied from 0.20 mg/L to 3.84 mg/L(mean 0.92 mg/L),and high fluorine(f-content>1.0 mg/L)accounted for 35.6% of the total water samples,the high fluorine groundwater was mainly distributed in the central part of the study area in Beitun city and part of Fuhai County.

关 键 词：地下水 水质指数 氟 额尔齐斯河 

分 类 号：P641.12[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]