水稻需水量对气候变化的响应研究  

Response of rice water requirement to climate change

作　　者：梁桂优 LIANG Gui-you(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,541006;Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,541006)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学,广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室,广西桂林541006 [2]桂林理工大学,广西岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心,广西桂林541006

出　　处：《地下水》2025年第1期134-139,共6页Ground water

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(专科AB21075007);广西自然科学基金项目(2021GXNSFAA196055)。

摘　　要：气候变化对农作物的需水特征有重要影响,掌握农作物需水过程对气候变化的响应规律,对提高农业灌溉效率具有重要意义。本研究采用田测法对水稻需水量进行实测,利用1982-2012年逐日气象数据,运用相关性分析方法探讨气象因子对水稻各生育期需水量的影响,筛选水稻不同生育期需水量变化的关键影响因子,分析影响因子与水稻不同生育期需水量变化趋势间的关系。结果表明:早稻降水量在1991年发生突变,其余气候因子在2000年附近发生突变。早、晚稻全生育期日照时数、平均风速呈下降趋势,平均气温呈上升趋势,早稻全生育期降水量呈上升趋势,晚稻全生育期降水量呈下降趋势。日照时数和平均气温变化相对小。从需水量变化趋势及平均需水量的规律看,需水量在2000年附近发生了明显变化,表明受气候突变影响,需水量也发生相应的变化。水稻需水量与日照时数、平均温度、平均风速呈正相关关系,与降水量呈负相关关系。其中,水稻需水量与日照时数的相关系数最高。水稻需水量对气象因素的响应在不同生育期有所差异,拔节孕穗期及抽穗开花期需水量对气候的响应达到最大,乳熟期及黄熟期对气候的响应最小。水稻需水量受各气象因子共同作用,在早稻复苗期、抽穗开花期、黄熟期的日照时数及平均温度年际间相对变化小,对需水量的影响贡献较小,并且被其他的气象因子造成的变化所抵消。Climate change has an important impact on the water demand characteristics of crops,and it is of great significance to grasp the response law of crop water demand process to climate change to improve the efficiency of agricultural irrigation.In this study,the field measurement method was used to measure the water demand of rice,and the correlation analysis method was applied to explore the influence of meteorological factors on the water demand of rice at each fertility stage by using the day-by-day meteorological data from 1982 to 2012,to screen the key influencing factors of the changes in the water demand of rice at different fertility stages,and to analyze the relationship between the influencing factors and the trends of the changes in the water demand of rice at different fertility stages.The results showed that the precipitation of early rice changed abruptly in 1991,and the rest of the climate factors changed abruptly near 2000.There was a decreasing trend in sunshine hours and average wind speed and an increasing trend in average temperature during the whole reproductive period of early and late rice,and an increasing trend in precipitation during the whole reproductive period of early rice and a decreasing trend in precipitation during the whole reproductive period of late rice.Changes in sunshine hours and average air temperature were relatively small.From the trend of water demand and the pattern of average water demand,water demand changed significantly near 2000,indicating that water demand also changed accordingly under the influence of sudden climate change.Rice water demand is positively correlated with sunshine hours,average temperature,average wind speed,and negatively correlated with precipitation.Among them,the correlation coefficient between rice water requirement and sunshine hours was the highest.The response of rice water demand to meteorological factors varied in different fertility periods,with the response of water demand to climate reaching the maximum at the nodulation and spike stag

关 键 词：气候变化 水稻需水量 不同生育期 气象因子 

分 类 号：S162.5[农业科学—农业气象学]