铝硅酸盐固废矿相活化重构与技术应用展望  

Aluminosilicate Solid Waste Mineral Phase Activation Reconstruction and Technology Application Perspectives

作　　者：任艺凌 张建波[1,2] 李会泉[1,2,3] 李少鹏 武文粉[1,2] 郭茹[1] 续文钧 REN Yiling;ZHANG Jianbo;LI Huiquan;LI Shaopeng;WU Wenfen;GUO Ru;XU Wenjun(CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100090,China;National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100090,China;School of Chemical Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院过程工程研究所,中国科学院绿色过程与工程重点实验室,北京100090 [2]中国科学院过程工程研究所,战略性金属资源绿色循环利用国家工程研究中心,北京100090 [3]中国科学院大学化学工程学院,北京100049

出　　处：《硅酸盐通报》2025年第3期936-952,共17页Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划(2022YFC3900100);国家自然科学基金(52174390)。

摘　　要：铝硅酸盐固体废物(ASW)在工业生产中大量排放,主要成分为SiO_(2)和Al_(2)O_(3)。ASW来源广泛、廉价易得且含有大量高附加值元素,可用于元素提取和高质材料制备。然而,非晶相和多种晶体共存的矿相结构特点导致ASW反应活性较低。因此,提高反应活性是实现ASW资源化利用的关键前提。本文对国内外典型ASW的活化方式及机理进行了分析总结,从非晶相和晶相结构入手,分析了典型ASW的结构特征与反应活性的关联性,明晰了具有不同矿相特性的典型ASW所需的活化方式,并梳理归纳了不同活化方式对ASW反应活性的影响机制,介绍了ASW的典型协同活化方式及应用领域,展望了ASW活化利用的未来发展,为ASW高效活化和资源循环利用提供借鉴。Aluminosilicate solid waste(ASW)is discharged in large quantities in industrial production,with SiO_(2)and Al_(2)O_(3)as the main components.ASW has a wide range of sources,is cheap and easy to obtain,and contains a large number of high value-added elements,which can be used for element extraction and high-quality material preparation.However,the structure characteristics of amorphous phase and coexistence of multiple crystals lead to low ASW reactivity.Therefore,improving the reactivity is a key prerequisite for the realization of ASW resource utilization.In this paper,the activation methods and mechanisms of typical ASW at home and abroad are analyzed and summarized.The relationship between the structural characteristics and reactivity of typical ASW is analyzed from the amorphous phase and crystal phase structure.The activation methods require for typical ASW with different mineral phase characteristics are clarified.The influence mechanism of different activation methods on the reactivity of ASW is summarized.The typical synergistic activation methods and application fields of ASW are introduced.The future development of ASW activation and utilization is prospected,which provides a reference for the efficient activation and resource recycling of ASW.

关 键 词：固废处理 铝硅酸盐固体废物 活化方式 反应活性 晶相结构 

分 类 号：TQ17[化学工程—硅酸盐工业] X75[环境科学与工程—环境工程]