1982—2020年蒙古高原中蒙典型脆弱区草地净初级生产力时空格局和演变机理及其国别差异  

Spatial-temporal patterns and driving mechanisms of grassland net primary productivity in typical vulnerable areas of the Mongolia Plateau in 1982—2020 and its country differences

作　　者：王万同 兰嘉琦 方小娅 付强 Wang Wantong;Lan Jiaqi;Fang Xiaoya;Fu Qiang(College of Tourism,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,Henan,China;Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学旅游学院,河南新乡453007 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《地理科学》2025年第3期686-698,共13页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32161143029)资助。

摘　　要：基于1982—2020年长时间序列遥感数据,对蒙古高原典型脆弱区草地净初级生产力(NPP)的格局动态及驱动机理进行探讨,进一步开展中蒙两国间对比分析。结果表明:①1982—2020年,蒙古国典型区草地NPP多年均值明显低于中国,约为中国区域的4/5;两国典型区草地NPP均呈现增加趋势,其中中国区域NPP增长速率约是蒙古国的2倍,且表现出显著性。②由第一阶段(1982—1999年)发展到第二阶段(2000—2020年),中蒙典型区草地NPP增加面积占所属国典型区草地面积的比例各增长了19.0%和22.1%,分别达到了91.7%和85.8%,研究区草地以恢复为主。③中蒙典型区草地NPP增加主要由气候变化导致,其次由气候变化和人类活动的共同作用导致,而草地NPP的减少则几乎全部由人类活动导致。其国别差异在于:在草地NPP增加上,蒙古国呈现由双因子转变为单因子的驱动演变特征,而中国则呈现出持续的三因子驱动特征;在草地NPP减少上,蒙古国表现为人类活动驱动的单因子特征,而中国则表现为以人类活动为主的三因子驱动特征。④降水是影响蒙古高原草地恢复的主要因子,人类活动是中蒙两国草地退化的主要驱动力。因此,中国需要继续加强生态工程建设和强化政策实施,以促进草地恢复;蒙古国需要借鉴中国经验,改进畜牧业产业结构和管理措施,以政策引导加快草地生态保护和治理。Under the dual influence of climate change and human activities,grassland degradation and land desertification in the Mongolian Plateau are intensifying,posing a threat to the sustainable economic development and regional ecological security of China and Mongolia.Based on the long-term series remote sensing data of nearly 40 years,the pattern dynamics and influencing factors of grassland net primary productivity(NPP)in typical areas of the Mongolian Plateau were discussed,and the comparative analysis between China and Mongolia was further carried out considering the differences in development models and policy orientations between China and Mongolia.The results showed that:1)From 1982 to 2020,the average annual NPP of grassland in typical areas of Mongolia was significantly lower than that of China,about 4/5 of that of China;grassland NPP in typical areas of Mongolia showed an increasing trend,grassland was mainly restored,and the growth rate of NPP in China was about twice that of Mongolia,and showed significant performance.2)From the first stage(1982—1999)to the second stage(2000—2020),the proportion of NPP increase in grassland NPP in typical areas of China and Mongolia increased by 19%and 22.1%,and the proportion of significance increased by about 19.7%and 10.8%,respectively.3)The increase of grassland NPP in typical areas of China and Mongolia is mainly caused by climate change,followed by the combined effect of climate change and human activities,while the decrease of grassland NPP is almost entirely caused by human activities.The differences are:the increase of grassland NPP in Mongolia shows the driving evolution characteristics from two-factor to singlefactor,while China shows continuous three-factor driving characteristics.The decrease of grassland NPP in Mongolia was manifested as a single-factor feature driven by human activities,while in China,it was manifested as a three-factor driving feature dominated by human activities.4)Precipitation is the main factor affecting grassland recovery in China,

关 键 词：草地净初级生产力 气候变化 人类活动 蒙古高原 国别差异 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]