人工智能致损的责任主体认定与责任分担  

The liability subject identification and allocation of liability for damages caused by artificial intelligence

作　　者：郑海蓉 ZHENG Hai-rong(School of Law,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《青岛科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期70-78,共9页Journal of Qingdao University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：目前,学界对于人工智能致人损害的责任承担主体的看法尚不统一,但就其本质而言,人工智能的“自主性”乃技术性的数据和算法的驱动,人工智能只能是人类的工具,不能成为法律主体。而且,人工智能发生致人损害行为时,并不能辨别其行动之于法律责任上的意义,不具备责任能力,故应由人类为其致损行为承担侵权责任。参考谷歌旗下的深度思维公司对通用人工智能的五层分级标准以及其以人类与通用人工智能活动的交互程度为定义的自主性分级标准,人类承担侵权责任的范围也应有所区别。当人工智能的自主性程度处于第一级与第二级水平时,由人类承担全部的侵权责任;当人工智能的自主性程度处于第三级及以上时,人类作为责任主体,可主张责任的减轻。责任主体可减轻的责任可通过保险制度对受害人进行全面救济,以在缓解责任主体的责任负担的同时,有效促进人工智能技术的发展。At present,the academic community’s views on the liability subject for the damage caused by artificial intelligence(AI)are not consistent.In terms of its essence,the“autonomy”of AI is driven by technical data and algorithms;and only a tool for human beings,it cannot become a legal subject.Moreover,when artificial intelligence causes damage to people,it cannot distinguish the meaning of its actions in terms of legal liability,and does not have the ability to take the responsibility.Therefore,it should be human beings who bear tort liability for its damage.With reference to Google DeepMind’sfive-tier classification standard for general AI and its autonomy rating criteria defined by the degree of human interaction with general AI actives,the scope of human liability for infringement should also be different.When the degree of autonomy of AI is at thefirst level and the second level,human beings bear all the tort liability.When the degree of autonomy of AI is at the third level and above,human beings,as the subject of liability,can claim the reduction of liability.The relievable liability of the liability subject can provide comprehensive remedy to the victim through the insurance system,so as to alleviate the liability burden of the liability subject and effectively promote the development of AI technology.

关 键 词：人工智能 责任主体 侵权责任 责任能力 保险 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]