低共熔溶剂一步原位浸出钴酸锂中有价金属的研究  

One-step in-situ Leaching of Valuable Metals from Lithium Cobalt Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

作　　者：付飞娥 张正惠 FU Fei-e;ZHANG Zheng-hui(College of Chemical Engineering,Yunnan Open University/Yunnan Vocation and Technical College National Defense Industry,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]云南开放大学/云南国防工业职业技术学院化学工程学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《化学试剂》2025年第4期79-86,共8页Chemical Reagents

基　　金：云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2023J0795);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2024J1960)。

摘　　要：随着锂离子电池产业的快速发展,高效的回收技术应对资源浪费和环境污染至关重要,然而,同时实现绿色、温和、高效回收仍然具有挑战性。提出了一种基于乙二醇-草酸的新型低共熔溶剂,用于在温和条件下从LiCoO_(2)中一步选择性提取有价金属。采用单因素实验考察了关键浸出参数(温度、物质的量比、时间、液料比)对浸出率的影响,系统测试了低共熔溶剂的热稳定性和结构特征并探究了浸出机制。结果表明,在最佳浸出条件下(温度90℃、n(EG)∶n(OA)为6∶1、浸出时间12 h、液料比50 g/g、搅速400 r/min),锂全部浸出到滤液中,钴以CoC_(2)O_(4)·2H_(2)O纳米棒状的沉淀形式析出。乙二醇和草酸结合形成分子间氢键,温度对低共熔溶剂的热稳定性影响明显。方法操作简单,不涉及额外沉淀剂及还原剂,为低共熔溶剂快速、短流程回收废旧电池材料奠定理论基础。Efficient recycling technology for the rapid growth of spent lithium-ion batteries is essential to tackle the resources and environmental crisis.However,the simultaneous realization of green,efficient recovery at mild temperature is still challenging.A novel deep eutectic solvent based on ethylene glycol(EG)-oxalic acid(OA)was designed for one-step and selective extraction of valuable metals from LiCoO_(2)under mild conditions.Single-factor experiments were used to investigate the effects of key leaching parameters(temperature,material ratio,time,liquid-to-solid ratio)on the leaching rate.The thermal stability and structural characteristics of the deep eutectic solvent were systematically tested and the leaching mechanism was explored.The results indicate that lithium was completely ached into the filtrate,and cobalt was precipitated in the form of CoC_(2)O_(4)·2H_(2)O nanorods under the optimal leaching conditions,the temperature was 90℃,n(EG)∶n(OA)was 6∶1,leaching time was 12 h,liquid-solid ratio was 50 g/g,stirring speed was 400 r/min.Intermolecular hydrogen bonds were formed between ethylene glycol and oxalic acid.Temperature had a significant effect on the thermal stability of deep eutectic solvents.This method is simple to operate and does not involve additional precipitants,laying a theoretical foundation for the rapid and short-process recovery of waste battery materials using deep eutectic solvents.

关 键 词：废旧锂离子电池 钴酸锂 低共熔溶剂 原位浸出 机制 

分 类 号：O65[理学—分析化学]