犊牛腹泻的致病因素、诊断方法及防治措施研究进展  

Progress on Pathogenic Factors,Diagnostic Methods,Prevention and Control Measures of Calf Diarrhea

作　　者：袁洋 郭亚洲 王亚洲 王建国[2] 牛华锋[1] YUAN Yang;GUO Ya-zhou;WANG Ya-zhou;WANG Jian-guo;NIU Hua-feng(College of Animal Engineering,Yangling Vocational&Technical College,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]杨凌职业技术学院动物工程学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]西北农林科技大学动物医学院,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《动物医学进展》2025年第4期100-106,共7页Progress In Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：陕西省农业科技创新驱动项目(NYKJ-2022-YL52);陕西省教育厅一般专项科研计划项目(22JK0629);杨凌职业技术学院“博士+高职生”工作室建设项目(BG2022004);杨凌职业技术学院院士工作室科研项目(YS2023-012)。

摘　　要：犊牛腹泻是指新生犊牛所发生的一种以消化不良、腹泻为主要症状的消化道疾病。由于犊牛的身体机能尚不完善,免疫系统未发育成熟,故易受到病毒、细菌、寄生虫等病原微生物的感染而发生腹泻。该病一年四季均可发生,气候多变季节多发,发病后常引起代谢性酸中毒、败血症和高钾血症等症状,严重影响犊牛的生长发育和生产性能。犊牛腹泻的诊断方法有常规检查和实验室检查,其中病原分离培养是诊断犊牛腹泻的金指标,此外,精准奶牛养殖技术的引入有助于更加精准的监测腹泻犊牛,提高犊牛福利。抗生素治疗是犊牛腹泻常见的治疗方式,但由于其耐药性和副作用的广泛出现,使得中药作为一种耐药性低、毒副作用小的选择逐渐引起关注,粪便微生物群移植对腹泻犊牛的成功案例也为其治疗提供了新的选择。论文就犊牛腹泻的致病因素、诊断方法和防治措施进行综述,以期为犊牛腹泻的综合防治提供参考。Calf diarrhea in neonatal dairy calves is a gastrointestinal disease characterized by symptoms of digestive disorders and diarrhea.Neonatal dairy calves are vulnerable to viruses,bacteria,parasites,and other factors that cause diarrhea due to incomplete physical functions and immature immune systems.This disease occurs all the year round,especially in the seasons with variable climates.Calf diarrhea could cause metabolic acidosis,sepsis,and hyperkalemia,seriously impacting the growth,development,and production performance of calves.Common diagnostic methods for calf diarrhea include routine examinations and laboratory examinations,and pathogen isolation and culture are the gold standard for its diagnosis.Furthermore,the adoption of precise dairy farming technology is facilitated to more accurate monitor of diarrhea in calves and improve calves welfare.Antibiotics have been widely used in the treatment of calf diarrhea in the past,however,antibiotic resistance is increasing and the associated side effects have been reported.Traditional Chinese medicine,as a low resistance and minimal toxic side effects,has gradually attracted the attention of investigators.The successful treatment cases of fecal microbiota transplantation for diarrhea calves also provide a new insiht for its treatment.This article reviewed the pathogenic factors,diagnostic methods,and prevention and control measures of calf diarrhea,intending to provide a reference for its comprehensive prevention and control.

关 键 词：犊牛腹泻 致病因素 诊断方法 防治措施 

分 类 号：S852.653[农业科学—基础兽医学] S858.23[农业科学—兽医学]