基于X射线衍射的桥梁有效预应力测试及修正  

Test and Correction of Effective Prestress in Bridges Based on X-Ray Diffraction

作　　者：张亮 周旭东 李彦兵 李毅 李鹏飞[3] 韩旭[3] ZHANG Liang;ZHOU Xudong;LI Yanbing;LI Yi;LI Pengfei;HAN Xu(Humen Bridge Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510180,China;Bay Area Super Major Bridge Maintenance Technology Center of Guangdong Highway Construction Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510199,China;Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]广东虎门大桥有限公司,广东广州510180 [2]广东省公路建设有限公司湾区特大桥养护技术中心,广东广州510199 [3]交通运输部公路科学研究院,北京市100088

出　　处：《中外公路》2025年第2期194-203,共10页Journal of China & Foreign Highway

基　　金：广东省交通集团科技项目(编号:JT2023YB07)。

摘　　要：为进一步提升桥梁服役状态并延长结构使用寿命,对桥梁结构钢束的预应力进行有效检测具有重要意义。既有常规检测方法在实际工程测试中存在局限性,且检测结果离散性较大。X射线衍射法从金属材料微观尺度出发,通过晶格间距变化反推宏观应力分布,具有理论明确、测试过程稳定的优势。该文创新性地将X射线衍射法应用于桥梁有效预应力检测中,通过室内张拉对比试验,研究了表面处理工艺优化方法并对桥梁有效应力进行修正。结果表明:X射线衍射法的桥梁预应力测试结果稳定,具有场景适用性强、结果离散性小、测量精度高等优点;采用硬质砂轮片打磨,结合15V铅酸溶液电解2min的表面处理工艺最佳;提出了线性和指数型两种有效应力分级修正公式。研究成果可为X射线衍射法在桥梁预应力的测试应用提供参考。To further enhance the service performance of bridges and prolong structural service life,it is of critical importance to effectively detect the prestress of structural steel strands in bridges.Conventional detection methods have limitations in practical engineering applications,showing substantial variabilities in test results.The X-ray diffraction(XRD)method,based on the microscopic scale analysis of metallic materials,derives macroscopic stress distribution through lattice spacing variations,demonstrating theoretical clarity and testing stability.This study pioneered the application of XRD in the field of effective bridge prestress detection.Comparative laboratory tension tests were conducted to investigate surface treatment process optimization and correct effective stress.The results demonstrate that the XRD method exhibits remarkable stability in prestress detection,with advantages including diverse application scenarios,low result variabilities,and high detection accuracy.Optimal surface treatment is achieved through grinding with hard abrasive wheels in combination with two-minute electrolysis in a 15 V lead-acid solution.Both linear and exponential correction formulas for effective stress grading are proposed.The research outcomes provide references for implementing XRD technology in bridge prestress detection.

关 键 词：X射线衍射法 表面处理工艺 修正分析 有效预应力 服役桥梁 

分 类 号：U446[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]