基于因子分析法评价四川南充柑橘园土壤肥力  

Evaluation of soil fertility in citrus orchards in Nanchong City,Sichuan Province based on factor analysis method

作　　者：蒲成伟 张绩 周立 陈品文 廖前超 何发 周上铃 杨贵川 杜晓秋 Pu Chengwei;Zhang Ji;Zhou Li;Chen Pinwen;Liao Qianchao;He Fa;Zhou Shangling;Yang Guichuang;Du Xiaoqiu(Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sichuan 637000;Nanchong Soil and Fertilizer Station)

机构地区：[1]南充市农业科学院,四川637000 [2]南充市土壤肥料站

出　　处：《中国果树》2025年第3期97-104,共8页China Fruits

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2024YFD2300803);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业(柑橘)产业技术体系南充综合试验站(CARS-26);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川省水果创新团队(sccxtd-2024);柑橘提质增效关键技术应用与示范(CGZH2402);南充市农业科学院青年基金项目(QJYB2504)。

摘　　要：为了解四川省南充市柑橘园土壤养分基本特征及综合肥力,以278个土壤样品的12个养分指标为评价依据,采用因子分析法计算各样品的IFI(土壤养分综合评价值),并通过聚类分析将样品IFI划分为5个等级进行最终肥力评价。结果表明:南充市柑橘园土壤呈碱性,有效磷、有效铁含量过量,有效铜、有效硫含量高量,有效钾、有效锌、有效硼含量适宜,有机质、有效氮、有效钼含量偏低,有效锰含量缺乏,大部分养分间存在一定程度的相关性;聚类分析结果表明,南充市柑橘园在5个综合肥力等级所占比率分别为Ⅰ级(1.590≤IFI≤1.816)0.72%,Ⅱ级(0.992≤IFI≤1.082)1.08%,Ⅲ级(0.557≤IFI≤0.914)6.47%,Ⅳ级(-0.159≤IFI≤0.528)56.83%,Ⅴ级(-0.653≤IFI≤-0.180)34.89%,平均IFI为0.009,属于Ⅳ级,各区县平均IFI均属于Ⅳ级,从大到小依次为蓬安县(0.373)、仪陇县(0.053)、嘉陵区(0.040)、阆中市(0.032)、西充县(-0.052)、顺庆区(-0.067)、营山县(-0.074)、高坪区(-0.093)、南部县(-0.129)。结合养分特征和综合肥力情况,南充市柑橘园的施肥和土壤培肥方式应该提高有机肥的使用占比,无机肥多采用酸性或中性肥料进行配方施肥,并注重氮肥和钼、锰等微量元素肥的补充。To understand the basic characteristics and comprehensive fertility of soil nutrients in citrus orchards in Nanchong City,Sichuan Province,12 nutrient indicators of 278 soil samples were used as evaluation criteria.Factor analysis was used to calculate the IFI(comprehensive evaluation value of soil nutrients)of each sample,and cluster analysis was used to divide the IFI of the samples into 5 levels for final fertility evaluation.The results showed that the soil in the citrus orchards of Nanchong City was alkaline,with excessive available phosphorus and available iron content,high available copper and available sulfur content,suitable available potassium,available zinc,and available boron content,low organic matter,available nitrogen,and available molybdenum content,and insufficient available manganese content.There was a certain degree of correlation between most nutrients.The clustering analysis results showed that the proportion of citrus orchards in Nanchong City in the five comprehensive fertility levels was 0.72%in the first level(1.590≤IFI≤1.816),1.08%in the second level(0.992≤IFI≤1.082),6.47%in the third level(0.557≤IFI≤0.914),56.83%in the fourth level(-0.159≤IFI≤0.528),34.89%in the fifth level(-0.653≤IFI≤-0.180),with an average IFI of 0.009,ranking in the fourth level.The average IFI of each district and county was in the fourth level,with Peng'an County(0.373),Yilong County(0.053),Jialing District(0.040),Langzhong City(0.032),Xichong County(-0.052),Shunqing District(-0.067),Yingshan County(-0.074),Gaoping District(-0.093),and Nanbu County(-0.129)in descending order.Based on the characteristics of nutrients and comprehensive fertility,the fertilization and soil fertility methods of citrus orchards in Nanchong City should increase the proportion of organic fertilizer use,and use acidic or neutral fertilizers for formula fertilization of inorganic fertilizers,with emphasis on supplementing of nitrogen fertilizers and trace element fertilizers such as molybdenum and manganese,etc.

关 键 词：南充市 柑橘园 土壤 养分特征 因子分析法 综合肥力 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]