高密度吸热型碳氢燃料再生冷却与结焦积碳研究进展  

Progress in Regenerative Cooling and Coking Carbon Accumulation of High-Density Heat-Absorbing Hydrocarbon Fuels

作　　者：马正正 毛倩 程弋凡 石保禄 王宁飞[1] Ma Zhengzheng;Mao Qian;Cheng Yifan;Shi Baolu;Wang Ningfei(School of Aerospace Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学宇航学院,北京100081

出　　处：《航空兵器》2025年第1期23-39,共17页Aero Weaponry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目优秀青年科学基金项目(海外)项目。

摘　　要：超燃冲压发动机在高马赫数下承载的热负荷远超材料的耐温极限。再生冷却是解决上述问题的最经济有效的热防护手段之一。本文针对吸热型碳氢燃料在再生冷却通道内的流动换热、跨临界相变、超临界裂解以及气固壁面结焦积碳之间的复杂耦合过程,回顾了再生冷却领域的相关研究进展,总结了吸热型碳氢燃料的热沉测定方法,讨论了燃料热沉的热物性(物理热沉)在超临界相变过程中的变化和热解反应路径对化学热沉的影响;系统分析了燃料在再生冷却通道内的结焦积碳定量测量方法,通过已有实验和模拟讨论了结焦积碳的反应路径,揭示了影响结焦积碳量和形貌的关键影响因素,并从燃料添加剂和再生冷却壁面修饰两方面对结焦积碳的抑制方法进行了阐述。最后,讨论了实验室尺度的单管通道到实际应用尺度的多管并联通道内的流动换热特性,将再生冷却通道内的流动、燃料相变、热解和结焦积碳相耦合进行了综合分析,为超燃冲压发动机再生冷却技术的优化提供了理论支持。Hypersonic scramjet engines encounter extreme thermal loading conditions during sustained operation.Regenerative cooling has emerged as a cost-efficient and thermodynamically viable strategy for extreme thermal protection in hypersonic propulsion systems.This study reviews the complex coupling mechanisms in regenerative cooling channels,where endothermic hydrocarbon fuels undergo phase transition,supercritical pyrolysis,and coke deposition.First,the state-of-the-art progress in the field of regenerative cooling is analyzed domestically and internationally.Then,it introduces methods for determining the heat sink of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels.Thirdly,it examines the influence of pyrolysis reaction pathways on the chemical heat sink.Subsequently,quantitative measurement techniques for coke deposition in regenerative cooling channels are displayed.Based on recent experimental and simulation results,it explores the reaction pathways of coke formation and identifies the key factors affecting the amount and morphology of coke in the regenerative channel.Based on this,strategies in improving the heat sink of fuel and reducing coke formation are introduced.Finally,the heat transfer characteristics from single-channel laboratory experiments to multi-channel parallel configurations in practical applications are analyzed.This review provides comprehensive understanding of regenerative cooling technology in scramjet engines.

关 键 词：高密度碳氢燃料 热沉 再生冷却 结焦积碳 换热 超燃冲压发动机 高超声速 

分 类 号：TJ760[兵器科学与技术—武器系统与运用工程]