钻地弹侵彻深度尺寸效应分析与实用计算公式  

Analysis of the size effect on the penetration depth of earth-penetrating projectiles and practical calculating formula

作　　者：何勇[1] 徐天涵 张效晗 随亚光[3] 邢灏喆 HE Yong;XU Tianhan;ZHANG Xiaohan;SUI Yaguang;XING Haozhe(Institute of Engineering Safety Protection Technology,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,Jiangsu,China;State Key Laboratory of Explosion and Impact and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,Army Engineering University of PLA,Nanjing 210007,Jiangsu,China;Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology,Xi’an 710024,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学机械工程学院工程安全防护技术研究所,江苏南京210094 [2]陆军工程大学爆炸冲击防灾减灾全国重点实验室,江苏南京210007 [3]西北核技术研究所,陕西西安710024

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2025年第4期90-107,共18页Explosion and Shock Waves

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12372378,52422808,52378401)。

摘　　要：缩比模型试验是研究弹体侵彻规律的重要手段,模型试验结果与原型之间的尺寸效应是建立侵深计算方法必须解决的问题。依据已有基础理论推导了钻地弹侵彻岩石类靶体介质的应力与应变状态演化和弹体侵彻阻抗函数,得到了表征尺寸效应的弹径系数公式,并在常规钻地弹侵彻速度范围内对弹形系数和弹径系数作了简化分析,提出了常规钻地弹侵彻岩石类介质的实用计算公式,系数可直接由弹靶参数确定。结果表明,弹体侵彻阻抗的主要影响因素是靶体波阻抗,尺寸效应是由于靶体破坏区范围不满足几何相似律,弹形系数可简化为弹头长径比的线性函数,平头弹弹形系数为0.57,弹径系数由侵彻空腔半径与破碎区半径之比决定,对于常规钻地弹,弹径系数可取1.2~1.4。侵深理论公式与试验结果对比符合较好,具有较高的可靠性。The penetration depth of the earth-penetrating projectile is a basic problem in the design of protection engineering.Scaled testing is an important method to study the penetration law.The size effect between the model test results and the prototype is a problem that must be solved to establish the calculation method of penetration using scaled tests.In this study,the stress and strain state evolution of the rock-like target medium subjected to the penetration of earth-penetrating projectiles and the penetration resistance function of the projectiles were derived using cavity expansion theory.The formula for the caliber coefficient characterizing the size effect was obtained,and a simplified analysis of the nose shape coefficient and caliber coefficient was conducted using curve fitting and Taylor expansion within the penetration velocity range of the conventional earth-penetrating weapons.A practical calculation formula for the penetration depth of conventional earthpenetrating weapons into rock-like media was proposed,whose coefficients can be directly determined by parameters of target and projectiles.The results show that the main influencing factor of the projectile’s penetration resistance is the impedance of the target.The source of the size effect is originated from the fact that the ranges of the target damage zones do not satisfy the geometric similarity law.The nose shape coefficient can be simplified into a linear function of the projectile’s aspect ratio,and the nose shape coefficient of a flat-nosed projectile is 0.57.The caliber coefficient of the projectile is determined by the ratio of the cavity radius of the penetration to the radius of the fracture zone and can be taken as 1.2−1.4 for conventional earth-penetrating weapons.The theoretical calculation formula of penetration depth is in good agreement with experimental results,and thus,has high reliability.

关 键 词：侵彻深度 刚性弹 尺寸效应 弹径系数 弹形系数 

分 类 号：O389[理学—流体力学] TU45[理学—力学]