天然橡胶种植土地按园地管理的科学性及行业管理优化对策  

Scientific Analysis of the Management Model of Rubber Plantations and Optimization Strategies for Industry Management

作　　者：伍薇[1] 杨琳[1] 刘锐金[1] 何长辉[1] 刘东 莫业勇[1] WU Wei;YANG Lin;LIU Ruijin;HE Changhui;LIU Dong;MO Yeyong(Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海南海口571101

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2025年第2期125-131,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金“海南省农业绿色发展评价及影响因素研究”(No.722MS140);海南省自然科学基金项目“全面实施乡村振兴战略背景下海南省橡胶种植户家庭可持续生计发展研究”(No.721QN339);中国热带农业科学院“揭榜挂帅”项目“自贸港建设背景下海南重要热带作物(橡胶树、槟榔树、椰子树)全产业链发展策略研究”(No.1630022022004)。

摘　　要：天然橡胶几乎全部产自热带高大乔木——三叶橡胶树(Heveabrasiliensis),具有工业原料、农产品、林产品等多重属性。《土地利用现状分类》明确将橡胶种植土地划定为园地,实际生产中,按照农业模式进行精细化管理。但在胶园更新采伐、造林设计、基础设施建设等事项上,与林业部门的管理权限有交叉。由于农业和林业生产管理所遵循的技术标准不同,当前天然橡胶行业管理中,在一定范围内存在更新采伐指标不足、连片采伐面积过小、初植密度要求过高、胶园基础设施建设审批程序复杂等问题。对此,提出构建农林协调管理机制、完善行业标准体系、优化行业管理体系等方面建议,以期为产业可持续发展提供科学参考。Natural rubber is almost produced from the rubber tree(Hevea brasiliensis),a tall tree in the tropics that has multiple attributes,such as industrial raw materials,agricultural products,and forest products.The“Current Land Use Classification”clearly demarcates rubber planting land as a plantation,and the production process is managed according to the agricultural model.However,there is overlap with the management authority of the forestry department in matters such as renewal logging,afforestation design,and infrastructure construction.Owing to the different technical standards followed by agricultural and forestry production management,there are some problems in the current industry management,such as the restrictions on renewal logging and limited contiguous logging areas,the high initial planting density requirement,and the complicated approval processes for the construction of rubber plantations.Given the confusion of cross-sectoral management between agriculture and forestry,the countermeasures and suggestions,such as building a coordinated management mechanism of agriculture and forestry,improving the industry-standard system,and optimizing the current industry management system,are proposed to provide a scientific reference for the sustainable development of the natural rubber industry.

关 键 词：天然橡胶 农业特性 林业属性 园地管理 农林交叉管理 

分 类 号：F326.12[经济管理—产业经济]