笼养和散养模式对泰和乌骨鸡肠道菌群的影响  

Effect of Cage-rearing and Free-range Rearing on Gut Microbiota of Taihe Silky Fowl

作　　者：黄思翔 胡晓龙 汪江 付师一 杨艳 宣亮 陈彪 刘三凤[1,2] 黄建西 涂韵 王尊 王纪开 吴东晓 毛辉荣[1,2] HUANG Sixiang;HU Xiaolong;WANG Jiang;FU Shiyi;YANG Yan;XUAN Liang;CHEN Biao;LIU Sanfeng;HUANG Jianxi;TU Yun;WANG Zun;WANG Jikai;WU Dongxiao;MAO Huirong(College of Animal Science and Technology,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330045;Poultry Research Institute,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330045;Jiangxi Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Nanchang,Jiangxi 342800)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学动物科学技术学院,江西南昌330045 [2]江西农业大学家禽研究所,江西南昌330045 [3]江西省农业技术推广中心,江西南昌342800

出　　处：《中国家禽》2025年第4期81-88,共8页China Poultry

基　　金：江西省教育厅科学技术研究(重点)项目(GJJ210407);江西省现代家禽产业技术体系资助项目(JXARS-09)。

摘　　要：研究旨在探讨笼养和散养两种饲养模式对泰和乌骨鸡肠道菌群的影响,以期为泰和乌骨鸡科学养殖提供参考。试验将200只240日龄泰和乌骨鸡平均分成2组,分别采用笼养和散养模式饲养,每组采集10份粪便样本,进行肠道菌群高通量扩增子测序。结果显示:(1)α-多样性比较发现,仅Chao1指数表现出显著差异(P<0.05),散养组显著高于笼养组(P<0.05),而其他指数均不呈现显著差异(P>0.05)。(2)20个样本共有的ASV数目为369个,这些共有ASV中丰度最高的物种是Ligilactobacillus属和乳酸杆菌属。(3)基于UniFrac距离和Bray-Curtis距离开展的β-多样性分析表明笼养和散养泰和乌骨鸡肠道菌群存在显著差异(P<0.05)。(4)笼养鸡粪便菌群中厚壁菌门的相对丰度显著高于散养鸡(P<0.05),而放线菌门和变形菌门丰度显著低于散养鸡(P<0.05);在优势属中,笼养鸡的乳杆菌属和黏液乳杆菌属相对丰度显著高于散养鸡(P<0.05),而罗姆布茨菌属、链球菌属、梭菌属和埃希氏菌属相对丰度则显著低于散养鸡(P<0.05);与肠道菌群的结构相对应,散养泰和乌骨鸡的肠道菌群功能主要是有害物质的降解,而笼养乌鸡肠道菌群的主要功能则是能量代谢。研究表明:虽然散养泰和乌骨鸡肠道菌群表现出更高的多样性,但在菌群稳定性和健康度上较笼养泰和乌骨鸡差,从肠道菌群指示健康的角度,在当前情况下更应选择笼养模式,而泰和乌骨鸡散养则应做好场地的病菌消杀工作。The aim of this study was to study the effects of cage-rearing and free-range rearing on the gut microbiota of he silky fowl,in order to provide reference for scientific breeding of Taihe silky fowl.A total of 200 Taihe silky fowl with 240-day-old were divided into 2 groups and fed in cage and free-range mode,respectively.10 fecal samples were collected from each group and microbial high-throughput amplicon sequencing were performed.①α-diversity comparison shows that only Chao1 in-dex shows a significant difference(P<0.05),and the free-range group is significantly higher than the caged group(P=0.05),while other indexes do not show a significant difference(P>0.05).②The total number of shared ASVs in the 20 samples was 369.The genera with the highest abundance were Ligilactobacillus and Lactobacillus.③Theβ-diversity analysis based on UniFrac dis-tance and Bray-Curtis distance indicated that there were significant differences in gut microbiome between caged and free-range Taihe silky fowl(P<0.05).④The relative abundance of Firmicutes in the gut microbiota of caged chickens was significantly high-er than that of free-range chickens(P<0.05),while the abundance of Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria of caged chickens was significantly lower than that of free-range chickens(P<0.05);In the dominant genera,the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Limosilactobacillus in caged chickens was significantly higher than that in free-range chickens(P<0.05),while the abundances of Romboutsia_B,Streptococcus,Clostridium_T and Escherichia in caged chickens were significantly lower than those in free-range chickens(P<0.05).Corresponding to the structure of gut microbiota,the microbial function of free-range Taihe silky fowl was mainly the degradation of harmful substances,while the main function of gut microbiota of caged chickens was energy metabolism.Although the gut microbiota of free-range Taihe silky fowl showed higher diversity,the stability and health of the microbiota were worse than that of caged chickens.From t

关 键 词：泰和乌骨鸡 肠道菌群 笼养 散养 

分 类 号：S831.4[农业科学—畜牧学]