海南岛实生油茶种质资源表型多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Phenotypic Traits in Seedling Camellia oleifera on Hainan Island

作　　者：陈泰臻 陈珏琦 陆玲 兰寒俏 范弋豪 凌鹏 CHEN Taizhen;CHEN Jueqi;LU Ling;LAN Hanqiao;FAN Yihao;LING Peng(Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants(Ministry of Education),Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室,海南海口570228 [2]海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2025年第4期866-874,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：横向自然科学项目(No.RH2300000578)。

摘　　要：油茶(Camellia oleifera)是一种在中国南方广泛种植的重要木本油料树种,其果实、叶片和树型等表型性状表现出丰富的多样性。本研究采集了100份实生油茶样本,对其中33个表型性状进行了系统性分析。结果显示:(1)在数量性状的多样性分析中,变异系数范围为8.81%~56.85%,其中单位面积花量(NFPUA)显示出最大的变异性(56.85%),果形指数(FSI)则表现出最小的变异性(8.81%)。数量性状的多样性指数范围为1.13~4.61,表明果实和叶片性状具有较大的遗传多样性。(2)通过聚类分析将100份实生油茶样本分为5类:第Ⅰ类果色最深,果实形状较圆,树体较高大;第Ⅱ类果实较扁圆,单果重量偏重,树冠幅较窄;第Ⅲ类果实形状较长,单果重最大,树木较小但密集度高;第Ⅳ类果实多为较圆形,单果重较轻,叶片面积较大;第Ⅴ类果实形状较长,果皮较厚,树冠较开阔。(3)主成分分析提取了12个主要成分,累计贡献率为79.174%,包括果实横径、单果重、鲜籽重等性状。综合各主成分分析结果,筛选出表现优异的实生油茶个体以供进一步观察。研究发现海南省的油茶资源表现出丰富的表型性状多样性,为油茶的遗传改良提供理论依据。Camellia oleifera is a significant woody oil tree species that is extensively cultivated in southern China.It displays a notable degree of diversity in phenotypic traits,such as fruit,leaf and tree shapes,etc..In the present study,100 C.oleifera seedling trees were collected and 33 phenotypic traits were subjected to the comprehensive evaluation.In the diversity analysis of quantitative traits,the coefficient of variation(CV)was ranged from 8.81% to 56.85%,with the number of flowers per unit area(NFPUA)exhibiting the greatest variability(56.85%),and the fruit shape index(FSI)demonstrated the least variability(8.81%).The diversity index of quantitative traits exhibited a range of 1.13 to 4.61,indicating a notable degree of genetic diversity in fruit and leaf traits.Cluster analysis classified the 100 germplasm accessions into five categories.The first category was characterized by dark fruit colour,a rounder fruit shape,and taller trees.The second category exhibited flattened fruit shape and heavier fruit weight with narrower tree cannopy.The third category was characterized by longer fruit shapes with heaviest single fruit weight,and smaller but denser tree canopies.The fourth category was distinguished by mainly round fruits,lighter single fruit weight,and larger leaf area.The fifth category exhibited elongated fruits with thicker peels and more opened tree canopy.Principal component analysis yielded 12 principal components,collectively accounted for 79.174% of the cumulative contribution rate,including traits such as fruit diameter,single fruit weight,and fresh seed weight.Based on the results of the principal component analysis,superior C.oleifera accessions were selected for further observation.This study demonstrated that C.oleifera germplasm resources in Hainan province exhibited a high level of phenotypic trait diversity.The research would provide a theoretical base for the genetic improvement of C.oleifera.

关 键 词：油茶 表型性状 遗传多样性 种质资源 聚类分析 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]