反季节龙眼成花过程中顶芽形态结构和碳氮含量变化分析  

Analysis of Morphological Structure and Carbon-Nitrogen Content Changes in Apical Buds During Off-season Flowering of Longan

作　　者：韦美泉 李松刚[2] 杨子琴[2] 黄丽洁 姜成东[1] 王家保[2] WEI Meiquan;LI Songgang;YANG Ziqing;HUANG Lijie;JIANG Chengdong;WANG Jiabao(Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Institute of Tropical Crops Variety Resources,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Institute of Environment and Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学,海南海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口571101 [3]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口571101

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2025年第4期894-901,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(No.323RC535);海南省荔枝产业技术体系项目(No.HNARS-08);国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系项目(No.CARS-32)。

摘　　要：龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)是热带亚热带地区重要的经济作物之一,正常情况下龙眼经冬季低温诱导配合适当的控制冬梢措施方能成花,而氯酸钾作为唯一已知能诱导龙眼反季节成花的化合物,其调控成花的生理机制并不明确。众所周知,碳氮营养与成花密切相关,而碳氮营养的变化与顶芽形态学超微结构变化与成花的关系还不为所知。因此,分析氯酸钾对龙眼顶芽结构及碳氮含量的变化也是揭示其成花机理的重要视角。本研究以石硖龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Shixia)为试材,通过土施氯酸钾诱导反季节成花,探究成花过程中顶芽的解剖学变化,分析C、N含量变化及C/N与顶芽发育的关系。结果表明:对照组顶芽生长点始终呈现较尖的叶芽状态,而氯酸钾处理后顶芽根据生长点形态的变化,明确了花芽分化的3个阶段为花芽生理分化期、花序分化期和花序抽生期。氯酸钾处理后顶芽全碳含量呈现持续上升的趋势,而对照全碳含量呈现先升后降的趋势,处理及对照全氮含量均呈现先升后降的趋势,且C/N均呈“平稳-下降-上升”趋势。在花芽生理分化期,氯酸钾处理后顶芽全碳含量上升幅度较对照大,2组全氮含量变化不大;氯酸钾处理后顶芽C/N从22.82上升至23.41,而对照C/N从22.82降至22.63,2组趋势较平稳。在花序分化期,氯酸钾处理后顶芽全碳含量上升幅度较对照小,而全氮含量上升幅度较对照大;氯酸钾处理后顶芽C/N从23.41降至17.65,而对照C/N从22.63降至20.29,氯酸钾处理后顶芽较对照下降幅度更大。花序抽生期,氯酸钾处理后顶芽全碳与全氮含量呈上升趋势,而对照与之相反;氯酸钾处理后顶芽C/N从17.65升至21.44,而对照C/N从20.29升至22.92,但氯酸钾处理后顶芽上升幅度较对照大。本研究认为龙眼顶芽C/N提升21.47%以上易成花,而土施氯酸钾使得龙眼顶芽全碳含量持续上升、全氮含量先升后降,导�Longan(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)is an important economic crop in tropical subtropical areas.Under normal circumstances,longan can become flowers only when induced by low temperature in winter together with appropriate measures to control the winter tips,but potassium chlorate,as the only known compound that can induce longan to become flowers in the opposite season,the anatomical process and physiological mechanism of the potassium chlorate-regulated flower formation are not clear,and the carbon and nitrogen nutrition is closely related to flower formation.Carbon and nitrogen nutrition are closely related to flower formation,therefore,analyzing the changes of carbon and nitrogen content of longan by potassium chlorate is also an important perspective to reveal the mechanism of flower formation.In this study,we used Shixia longan(Dimocarpus longan Shixia)as the test material,and induced the antiseasonal flower formation of longan by soil application of potassium chlorate to investigate the anatomical changes of the terminal buds of the antiseasonal longan during flower formation,and analyzed the changes in the C and N contents as well as the relationship between C/N and the development of the terminal buds.By observing the growth point of the terminal buds in the control group,which always showed a more pointed leaf bud state,the terminal buds after potassium chlorate treatment clarified the three stages of flower bud differentiation according to the changes in the morphology of the growth point:the stage of physiological differentiation of flower buds,the stage of inflorescence formation of flower buds,and the stage of floral organ formation.The carbon content of terminal buds treated with potassium chlorate showed a continuous increasing trend,while the carbon content of the control showed an increasing and then decreasing trend,the nitrogen content of both groups showed an increasing and then decreasing trend,and the C/N trend of the two groups showed a“stable-decreasing-increasing”trend.At the stage of flow

关 键 词：龙眼 氯酸钾 顶芽 花芽分化 C/N 

分 类 号：S667.2[农业科学—果树学]