近44年我国盐湖面积变化及其影响因素研究  

An Examination of Salt Lake Area Dynamics and Their Underlying Influencing Factors in China Over the Past 44 Years

作　　者：韩进军 陈亮[1,2] 王建萍 赵春涛[1,2] 陈元军 孙洪波 HAN Jinjun;CHEN Liang;WANG Jianping;ZHAO Chuntao;CHEN Yuanjun;SUN Hongbo(Key Laboratory of Green and High-end Utilization of Salt Lake Resources,Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining,810008,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes,Xining,810008,China;Citic Guoan Qinghai Lithium Development Co.Ltd.,Golmud,816000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青海盐湖研究所,盐湖资源绿色高值利用重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [2]青海省盐湖地质与环境重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [3]青海中信国安锂业发展有限公司,青海格尔木816000

出　　处：《盐湖研究》2025年第2期35-46,共12页Journal of Salt Lake Research

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0805-02);青海省自然科学基金团队项目(2022-ZJ-903);中国科学院特别研究助理项目;青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”项目。

摘　　要：盐湖面积变化可以直观地评估盐湖资源分布状态与生态功能变化。文章通过矢量化1977—2020年间6期的遥感影像,综合分析了我国盐湖面积的变化特征、变化类型和空间分异性,并对其影响因素进行了探讨。结果表明:(1)青海、西藏和新疆盐湖区以扩张型盐湖为主,占51.41%,平均扩张率达10.66 km^(2)/10 a,这与高原的湿暖化引起冰川积雪消融加剧,上游的冰雪融水和降水致使湖区补给量增大有关。而萎缩型盐湖占15.82%,平均萎缩率达13.05 km^(2)/10 a,这与盐湖资源开发利用或补给量的减少有关。稳定型盐湖与湖区补给量和蒸散发之间能保持动态平衡有关。(2)内蒙古盐湖区以稳定型为主,占54.83%,萎缩型占22.39%,平均萎缩率仅为0.97 km^(2)/10 a,这是该盐湖区冰川分布稀少,以降水量为主要补给源决定的。降水补给与蒸散发间保持动态平衡则为稳定型,小于则为萎缩型。其余扩张型也以小幅扩张为主,平均扩张率仅1.85 km^(2)/10 a。(3)典型盐湖中,西台吉乃尔盐湖、扎布耶茶卡和吉兰泰盐湖均因资源的开发利用在近44年大幅度萎缩;巴里坤湖则受资源开发的影响较小,其萎缩主要与蒸散量大于补给量有关;艾比湖由于上游补给量的增加而扩张,其受资源开发的影响也较小。Salt lake area fluctuations serve as a tangible indicator of resource distribution and ecological function changes.Vectorizing six remote sensing images from 1977 to 2020,we present a comprehensive analysis of variation characteristics,change types,and spatial differentiation of salt lakes in China,while also exploring the underlying influential factors.The results show that:(1)the salt lakes in Qinghai,Xizang and Xinjiang are dominated by expanding salt lakes,accounting for 51.41%,with an average expansion rate of 10.66 km^(2)/10 a.This is related to the intensification of the melting of glaciers and snow cover caused by the humid warming trend of the plateau,resulting in the increase of the supply of ice and snow meltwater and precipitation in the upper reaches of the lake district.And atrophy type salt 15.82%,the average shrinkage rate was 13.05 km^(2)/10 a,which related to the development and utilization of salt lake resources or recharge reduced.The stable type is related to the dynamic balance between lake recharge and evapotranspiration.(2)The salt lake area in Inner Mongolia is dominated by stable type,accounting for 54.83%,and shrinking type,accounting for 22.39%,with an average shrinking rate of only 0.97 km^(2)/10 a,which is due to the sparse distribution of glaciers in the salt lake area and the main recharge source determined by precipitation.If the dynamic balance between precipitation recharge and evapotranspiration is maintained,it is a stable type,and if it is less than that,it is a shrinking type.Expansion type is also dominated by small expansion,with an average expansion rate of only 1.85 km^(2)/10 a.(3)Among the typical salt lakes,the Xitajinaire Salt Lake,Zabuye Salt Lake and Jilantai Salt Lake have all shrunk greatly in the past 44 years due to the development and utilization of resources.Barkol Lake is less affected by resource development,and its shrinkage is mainly related to evapotranspiration greater than recharge.Ebinur Lake expands due to increased upstream replenishment and is less

关 键 词：盐湖面积 影响因素 中国 气候变化 人为因素 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感] P343.3[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]