察尔汗盐湖采卤井结盐特征及防结盐技术研究  

Study on the Salt Formation Characteristics and Anti-Salt Formation Technology of SaltWells in Chaerhan Salt Lake

作　　者：辛国山 朱登贤 王明祥[2,3] 陈祥 刘青青 王召邦 杨青山 李开梅 金青明 白宝云 侯振文 XIN Guoshan;ZHU Dengxian;WANG Mingxiang;CHEN Xiang;LIU Qingqing;WANG Zhaobang;YANG Qingshan;LI Kaimei;JIN Qingming;BAI Baoyun;HOU Zhenwen(Qinghai Salt Lake Industry Co.,Ltd.,Golmud,816000,China;Key Laboratory of Green and High-end Utilization of Salt Lake Resources,Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining,810008,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes,Xining,810008,China;Qinghai Institute of Nuclear Industry Radiological Geological Prospecting,Xining,810001,China)

机构地区：[1]青海盐湖工业股份有限公司,青海格尔木816000 [2]中国科学院青海盐湖研究所,盐湖资源绿色高值利用重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [3]青海省盐湖地质与环境重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [4]青海省核工业放射性地质勘查院,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《盐湖研究》2025年第2期79-86,共8页Journal of Salt Lake Research

基　　金：青海省“昆仑英才.科技领军人才”计划项目(刘青青);格尔木市人才引进培养计划项目(金青明)。

摘　　要：文章通过研究区21口采卤井盐垢成分、层位和结盐原因的研究,并开展除盐试验,获取防结盐有效技术的关键参数。结果表明:(1)盐垢样品XRD分析表明,研究区盐垢主要成分为石盐,采卤井结盐最严重层位为采卤泵进水口下2~3 m及其上8~10 m;(2)过饱和度是盐析晶体晶核形成最直接的相变驱动力,是结垢的首要条件,当溶液中成垢离子浓度高于平衡浓度时,阴阳离子相互作用形成离子对,大量离子对彼此聚集,形成晶核并继续生长最终在管壁上形成结垢;研究区卤水析盐窗口:矿化度300~330 g/L,这一析盐窗口NaCl析出量占析盐总量的80%,卤水结盐与否最重要的判断条件就是矿化度是否在结盐范围内;此外卤水扰动条件也是结盐的重要因素之一;(3)除盐试验表明适合别勒滩区段的压水除盐关键技术参数:淡水加压泵最优压力为10 kg,最佳淡水注入量为出卤量的1%,加压方式为变频恒压;除盐时间为6~8 h,流量恢复至正常水平,且为了井壁安全,除盐后及时关闭淡水注入。This paper studied the composition,layer position and salt precipitation reasons of 21 brine wells in the study area through research,and conducted desalination experiments to obtain key parameters for effective desalting technology.The results show that:(1)XRD analysis of salt deposit samples indicates that the main component of the salt deposit in the study area is rock salt,and the most serious layer of salt precipitation in the brine well is the layer below the brine pump installation position within 2-3 m and above 8~10 m;(2)Over-saturation is the most direct phase transition driving force for salt precipitation crystal nuclei formation,over-saturation is the primary condition for scaling,when the concentration of precipitating ions in the solution is higher than the equilibrium concentration,cation-anion interactions form ion pairs,large numbers of ion pairs gather together to form crystal nuclei and continue to grow until they eventually form deposits on the pipe wall;The desalination window for the brine in the study area:the mineralization degree of 300~330 g/L,the NaCl precipitation amount in this desalination window accounts for 80%of the total precipitation,the most important criterion for determining whether the brine will precipitate or not is whether the mineralization degree is within the precipitation range;In addition,the disturbance conditions of the brine are also an important factor for precipitation;(3)The desalination experiment shows that the key technical parameters for water injection desalting in the Belerta section are:the optimal pressure of freshwater injection pump is 10 kg,the optimal freshwater injection volume is 1%of the brine output,the injection pressure method is variable frequency constant pressure.The desalination time:6~8 h,the flow rate returns to normal levels,and the freshwater injection is shut off immediately after desalination to ensure the safety of the well wall.

关 键 词：采卤井结盐 防结盐技术 察尔汗盐湖 

分 类 号：TD871[矿业工程—非金属矿开采]