中国作为发展中大国的新挑战与新路径——人均GNI 偏向的经济发展视角  

New Challenges and Paths for China as a Large DevelopingCountry: From the Perspective of Economic Developmentwith a Focus on GNI Per Capita

作　　者：郑江淮[1,2] 陈熙 赖琳琳 ZHENG Jiang-huai;CHEN Xi;LAI Lin-lin(Yangtze River Delta Economic and Social Development Research Center,Nanjing University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210093,China;School of Economics,Nanjing University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学长江三角洲经济社会发展研究中心,江苏南京210093 [2]南京大学经济学院,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《北京交通大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期38-43,共6页Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“创新链与产业链耦合的关键核心技术实现机理与突破路径研究”(22&ZD093)。

摘　　要：通过对发展中国家地位识别的各类基准梳理可见,评价一国是否处于发展中国家地位还需考虑到一国相对于其他国家的要素报酬获得能力所处的水平,即该国人均GNI与人均GDP比值是否长期处于小于1这个发展状态。在人均GNI与人均GDP比值上,中国仍处于发展中国家行列。随着国际环境的变化和国内发展进入新阶段,中国经济发展面临着新挑战,包括经济增长模式的对外依存性,中高端产业在全球价值链中的附加值贡献相对有限,高科技创新领域的短板较为明显以及国际经济环境的制约等结构性问题,使得中国的要素报酬获得能力相对水平还处于较低水平上,中国仍处于发展中国家地位。为实现经济更高水平的发展,需进一步提升科技创新国际竞争力,加强产业核心竞争力,推动贸易多元化与国际合作,深度融入全球产业链与供应链,提升贸易竞争力。A review of various benchmarks for determining the status of a developing country reveals that assessing whether a nation is in the category of developing countries requires a further consideration of the country's relative capacity to obtain factor returns compared to others.Specifically,it involves examining whether the ratio of the country's Gross National Income(GNI)per capita to Gross Domestic Product(GDP)per capita has long been below 1,which is characteristic of a developing economy.China is still a developing country in terms of the ratio of GNI per capita to GDP per capita.With the changes in the international environment and the domestic economy entering a new phase,China's economic development now faces new challenges.These challenges include structural problems such as the external dependence of the economic growth model,the relatively limited contribution of mid-to-high-end industries to the global value chain,noticeable shortcomings in the high-tech innovation field,and the constraints of the international economic environment.These problems have led to a relatively low level of China's ability to earn factor returns,indicating that China still remains in the status of a developing country.To achieve a higher-level of economic development,China needs to further boost the international competitiveness of scientific and technological innovation,reinforce the core competitiveness of industries,promote trade diversification and international cooperation,deeply integrate into the global industrial and supply chains,and enhance trade competitiveness.

关 键 词：发展中国家 经济增长 国际竞争 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济]