土壤pH和有机物料碳氮比对强还原处理去除设施土壤硝酸盐效果和途径的影响  

Effects of Soil pH and Organic Material C/N Ratio on Removal and Pathway of Greenhouse Soil Nitrate Under Reductive Disinfestation Condition

作　　者：杨志远 徐灵颖 续勇波[3] 杨睿哲 YANG Zhiyuan;XU Lingying;XU Yongbo;YANG Ruizhe(College of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Changshu National Agro-ecosystem Observation and Research Station/state Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institue of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China;College of Tobacco Science,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;School of Geography and Ocean Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210033,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201 [2]江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站/土壤与农业可持续发展全国重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京211135 [3]云南农业大学烟草学院,昆明650201 [4]南京大学地理与海洋学院,南京210033

出　　处：《土壤》2025年第1期24-34,共11页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160758,32202608);云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(202005AC160043)资助。

摘　　要：为探究不同pH和有机物料碳氮比(C/N)组合优化调控下强还原土壤灭菌(Reductive soil disinfestation,RSD)处理去除土壤硝酸盐的效果和途径,以20年连作大棚土壤为研究对象,通过14 d培养试验,测定了RSD处理过程中不同pH和有机物料C/N组合对土壤、土面水硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)含量以及温室气体排放的影响。结果表明:pH变化对土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N去除无显著影响,pH 5、pH 7、pH 8、pH 9处理土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N含量在41.94~44.33 mg/kg。不同有机物料C/N对土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N去除的影响并非递减关系,C/N 60处理土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N去除效果最差,且N_(2)O排放量最高;C/N 90处理土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N含量显著高于其他处理。不同处理土壤及土面水NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N含量和温室气体排放动态变化趋势较为一致,但不同pH条件下最佳有机物料C/N处理的NO_(3)^(-)-N去除效率并不相同。综合来看,低pH土壤环境下,高有机物料C/N有利于土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N存蓄和NO_(3)^(-)-N去除,且能兼顾温室气体减排;调高pH后,适当改用低有机物料C/N有利于减少NO_(3)^(-)-N去除过程中的温室气体排放。In order to explore the effect and approach of removing nitrate from soil under the combination optimization of different pH and carbon/nitrogen ratio(C/N)of organic materials,a 14 d reductive soil disinfestations(RSD)culture experiment was conducted on the greenhouse soil for 20 years continuous cropping.The effects of different pH and C/N of organic materials on NO_(3)^(-)-N contents in soil and surface water and greenhouse gas emissions during RSD treatment were measured.The results showed that the change of pH had no significant effect on the removal of NO_(3)^(-)-N in soil,and the contents of NO_(3)^(-)-N in soil treated with pH 5,pH 7,pH 8 and pH 9 ranged from 41.94 to 44.33 mg/kg.The effects of different organic materials C/N on the removal of soil NO_(3)^(-)-N were not decreasing,and the removal effect of soil NO_(3)^(-)-N under C/N 60 treatment was the worst,and the emission of N_(2)O was the highest.The content of NH_(4)^(+)-N in soil treated with C/N 90 was significantly higher than that under other treatment.The dynamic change trends of NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(3)^(-)-N contents and greenhouse gas emissions in soil and surface water under different treatments were consistent,but the NO_(3)^(-)-N removal efficiency of the best C/N treatment of organic materials under different pH conditions was different.In summary,in low pH soil environment,high organic material C/N is conducive to soil NH_(4)^(+)-N storage and NO_(3)^(-)-N removal,and can take into account greenhouse gas emission reduction.After the pH is adjusted,the appropriate conversion of low organic material C/N is beneficial to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the process of NO_(3)^(-)-N removal.

关 键 词：生石灰 碳氮比 有机物料 设施土壤 硝态氮 温室气体 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]