有机肥部分替代化肥对皖北麦玉轮作区土壤细菌亚群的影响  

Impact of Partial Replacement of Chemical Fertilizer by Organic Fertilizer on Soil Bacterial Sub-communities in The Wheat-maize Rotation System of Northern Anhui

作　　者：彭敬轩 陈玲姐 徐畅 刘琴 高壮壮 李孝良 汪建飞 PENG Jingxuan;CHEN Lingjie;XU Chang;LIU Qin;GAO Zhuangzhuang;LI Xiaoliang;WANG Jianfei(College of Resource and Environment,Anhui Science and Technology University,Fengyang,Anhui 233100,China;Anhui Agricultural Waste Fertilizer Utilization and Cultivated Land Quality Improvement Engineering Research Center,Fengyang,Anhui 233100,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽科技学院资源与环境学院,安徽凤阳233100 [2]安徽省农业废弃物肥料化利用与耕地质量提升工程研究中心,安徽凤阳233100

出　　处：《土壤》2025年第1期86-94,共9页Soils

基　　金：国家重点研发计划子课题(2022YFD2301402-3);农业农村部生物有机肥创制重点实验室开放课题(BOFA202011)资助。

摘　　要：采集7种经过不同长期处理的土壤样品,利用16S rRNA基因扩增子Illumina测序技术,探究在皖北麦玉轮作区农田有机肥替代部分化肥对土壤细菌亚群特性及理化性质的影响。结果表明:长期施用化肥显著降低了土壤pH,有机肥的应用则可以缓解土壤酸化现象,长期施用有机肥和秸秆还田可以显著提升土壤有机质和速效养分含量。在细菌亚群方面,有机肥替代部分化肥并未显著改变其多样性,但其组成却显示出显著差异。在各处理下,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)均为丰度较高的类群,且当有机肥部分替代化肥后,变形菌门的丰度显著增加,而酸杆菌门的丰度则显著减少。通过Levins生态位宽度指数分析发现,丰富类群的生态位宽度显著高于稀有类群。Mantel检验及冗余分析结果显示,pH对于丰富和稀有细菌亚群均为显著影响因素,且稀有类群对环境因素的变化更为敏感。In this study,soil samples were collected from seven different long-term treatments in the maize-wheat rotation area of northern Anhui.The 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using Illumina technology was used to investigate the effects of organic fertilizer substitutions for partial chemical fertilizers on soil bacterial sub-community characteristics and physicochemical properties.The results showed that long-term application of chemical fertilizers significantly reduced soil pH,while the use of organic fertilizer could mitigate soil acidification.In addition,the long-term application of organic fertilizers and straw returning significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter and available nutrients.In terms of bacterial sub-communities,the substitution of organic fertilizer for partial chemical fertilizers did not significantly alter their diversit ies but significantly changed their compositions.Proteobacteria,Acidobacteriota,and Chloroflexi constituted the dominant phyla under all treatments.Proteobacteria significantly increased while Acidobacteriota significantly decreased in abundance when organic fertilizer partially replaced chemical fertilizers.Analysis of Levins'niche breadth index revealed that the ecological niche breadth of abundant taxa was considerably higher than that of rare taxa.The results of Mantel tests and RDA showed that pH significantly influenced both abundant and rare bacterial sub-communities,with rare taxa demonstrating a greater sensitivity to environmental factors.

关 键 词：有机肥替代化肥 细菌亚群 群落结构 生态位宽度 驱动因素 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学] S572[农业科学—农业基础科学]