不同产地三七皂苷累积差异及其与土壤病原真菌的关系  

The Accumulation Differences of Sanqi Ginseng Saponins in Different Producing Areas and Their Relationships with Soil Fungal Pathogens

作　　者：刘子豪 夏青 王梦琦 魏富刚 杨绍周 张金波[1,3,4] 蔡祖聪 赵军[1,3,4] LIU Zihao;XIA Qing;WANG Mengqi;WEI Fugang;YANG Shaozhou;ZHANG Jinbo;CAI Zucong;ZHAO Jun(School of Geography,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Wenshan Miaoxiang Sanqi Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wenshan,Yunnan 663000,China;Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Soil Utilization&Sustainable Agriculture,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210023 [2]文山苗乡三七科技有限公司,云南文山663000 [3]江苏省土壤利用与农业可持续发展工程研究中心,南京210023 [4]江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,南京210023

出　　处：《土壤》2025年第1期114-123,共10页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42077031,42090065);云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才专项(XDYC-QNRC-2023-0211);云南省专家工作站项目(202205AF150039)资助。

摘　　要：为研究不同产地三七主根中皂苷含量和累积量的差异及其变化规律,解析三七皂苷含量及累积量与土壤病原真菌数量的关系,以建立在传统产区(文山丘北)和新兴产区(昆明石林)的三七种植基地为研究对象,于2年生苗期、2年生根部生长期、3年生花期和3年生采收期分别采集三七植株和根际土壤样品,通过高效液相色谱、实时荧光定量PCR等技术,对三七主要皂苷(R1、Rg1、Rb1和Rd)含量以及土壤病原真菌尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、腐皮镰刀菌(F. solani)和毁坏柱孢霉(Cylindrocarpon destructans)数量进行了分析,同时测定了三七地上部和地下部的生物量。结果表明:产地对三七生物量累积具有显著影响,其中在3年生采收期时,丘北三七的总鲜重和总干重比同期石林三七高27.7%和31.1%。同样地,产地对三七皂苷含量及其累积量也具有重要影响,其中丘北三七主根中各皂苷单体、总皂苷含量及其累积量总体大于石林三七。特别地,3年生采收期时丘北三七每株主根中总皂苷累积量高达2 364.8 mg,是石林三七的1.56倍。在整个三七生长周期内,丘北三七根际土壤中腐皮镰刀菌的数量及其在真菌中的占比始终显著高于石林三七(P<0.05),但尖孢镰刀菌与毁坏柱孢霉的数量及占比呈现不同的变化规律。相关性分析结果表明,除2年生苗期外,根际土壤中腐皮镰刀菌的数量及占比与三七主根中大部分皂苷含量及其累积量呈显著正相关关系。综上,丘北和石林两地三七的皂苷累积差异显著,且这种累积差异与根际土壤中的腐皮镰刀菌数量及其占比密切相关,该研究结果从生物逆境胁迫和植物–病原微生物互作视角为解析三七品质的形成机制提供了有益信息和科学依据。To investigate the differences and shifts in the contents and accumulations of saponins in the taproots of Sanqi ginseng(Panax notoginseng)from different producing areas,and to analyze the relationship between saponins content and accumulation and the quantity of soil-borne fungal pathogens,Sanqi ginseng planting bases in the traditional producing area(Qiubei,Wenshan)and the emerging producing area(Shilin,Kunming)were chosen,and samples of Sanqi ginseng plant and corresponding rhizosphere soil at the two-year seedling stage,two-year root growth stage,three-year flowering stage,and three-year harvesting stage were collected,high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and real-time quantitative PCR were employed to analyze the content of major saponins(R1,Rg1,Rb1,and Rd),as well as the quantities of soil-borne fungal pathogens(Fusarium oxysporum,F.solani,and Cylindrospora destructus).Additionally,the aboveground biomass and belowground biomass of Sanqi ginseng were also measured.Results showed that the producing area had significant effects on the biomass accumulation of Sanqi ginseng.At the three-year harvesting stage,the total fresh biomass and dry biomass of Sanqi ginseng of Qiubei were 27.7%and 31.1%higher than those of Shilin.Similarly,the producing area also had significant impacts on the contents and accumulations of saponins in the taproots of Sanqi ginseng,with the level of saponin monomers,total saponin content and accumulation in the Sanqi ginseng of Qiubei higher than those of Shilin.In particular,the total saponin accumulation in the taproot of Sanqi ginseng at the three-year harvesting stage of Qiubei reached 2364.8 mg,which was 1.56 times higher than that of Shilin.Throughout the entire growth cycle of Sanqi ginseng,the quantity of F.solani and its proportion in fungi in the rhizosphere soils of Sanqi ginseng of Qiubei were significantly(P<0.05)higher than those of Shilin,while the quantities and proportions of F.oxysporum and C.destructus were varied.Correlation analysis showed that the quantity and

关 键 词：三七 产地 云南文山 皂苷含量 腐皮镰刀菌 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] R931.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]