东北薄层黑土区根系抗土壤压实的覆盖作物品种筛选  

Screening of Compaction-resistant Cover Crop Varieties Suitable for Black Soil Region of Northeast China

作　　者：王健豪 张中彬[2] 钱泳其 蒋发辉 董芳瑾 甘磊[1] 彭新华[2] WANG Jianhao;ZHANG Zhongbin;QIAN Yongqi;JIANG Fahui;DONG Fangjin;GAN Lei;PENG Xinhua(Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541006,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China;College of Land Resources and Environment,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学广西岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心,广西桂林541006 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京211135 [3]江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院,南昌330045 [4]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《土壤》2025年第1期167-178,共12页Soils

基　　金：黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28010401);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1501800);国家自然科学基金委项目(U23A20222)资助。

摘　　要：为筛选出适宜薄层黑土区且具有消减下层土壤压实作用的覆盖作物品种,在吉林省典型薄层黑土区设置未压实与压实处理,分两个播期(春播、秋播)种植不同覆盖作物品种(苜蓿、毛苕子、草木樨、沙打旺、田箐、高丹草、萝卜、油菜、菊苣、松香草、鲁梅克斯、黑麦草、田箐+高丹草+萝卜+菊苣混播、草木樨+黑麦草+油菜+鲁梅克斯混播),分析覆盖作物根系对压实土壤的响应。结果表明:春季机械压实处理显著增加了0~50 cm土层土壤容重,3个月后压实处理10~50 cm土壤容重、0~30 cm穿透阻力仍显著大于未压实处理。多种覆盖作物在不同深度土层内的根干重占比及根干重密度受压实影响显著,其中春播试验中在30~50 cm压实土层中根干重占比最高的作物品种为苜蓿,具有较大根干重密度的作物品种有高丹草、田箐、草木樨+黑麦草+油菜+鲁梅克斯等,而秋播中根干重占比最高的是黑麦草,具有较大根干重密度的有油菜、菊苣、田箐+高丹草+萝卜+菊苣等。依据本文提出的根干重占比比值(Ratio1)和根干重密度比值(Ratio2)两个参数判断根系在30~50 cm压实土层中的穿透能力,试验筛选出根系受压实影响相对较小、穿透30~50 cm压实土壤能力强的春播覆盖作物品种是高丹草、田菁和苜蓿,秋播覆盖作物品种是油菜、田箐+高丹草+萝卜+菊苣和黑麦草。In order to select cover crop varieties suitable for the thin layer black soil region and possessing the ability to mitigate soil compaction of the deeper soil layers,an experiment was conducted in the typical black soil area in Jilin Province,uncompacted and compacted treatments were established,and different cover crop varieties were planted in spring and autumn periods,including alfalfa,hairy vetch,sweet clover,erect milkvetch,sesbania,sorghum hybrid sudangrass,radish,rapeseed,chicory,silphium perfoliatum,rumex,ryegrass,a mixture of sesbania+sorghum hybrid sudangrass+radish+chicory(mixed planting 1),and a mixture of sweet clover+ryegrass+rapeseed+rumex(mixed planting 2).The responses of cover crop root systems to compacted soil were analyzed.The results showed that mechanical compaction treatment in spring significantly increased soil bulk density in the 0–50 cm soil layer.Three months later,compacted treatment still showed significantly higher soil bulk density in the 10–50 cm soil depth and greater penetration resistance in the 0–30 cm soil depth than the uncompacted treatment.Root dry weight proportions and root dry weight densities of various cover crops in different soil depths were significantly influenced by compaction.In the spring planting cover crops,in the 30–50 cm compacted soil layer,alfalfa exhibited the highest proportion of root dry weight,while sorghum hybrid sudangrass,sesbania,and mixed planting 2 demonstrated greater root dry weight density.In the autumn planting cover crops,ryegrass had the highest proportion of root dry weight,and rape seed,chicory,and mixed planting 1 exhibited higher root dry weight density.Based on root dry weight proportion ratio(Ratio1)and root dry weight density ratio(Ratio2)proposed in this study as the parameters for assessing the penetration capability of roots in the 30–50 cm compacted soil layer,cover crop species with relatively low susceptibility to compaction and strong penetration ability in compacted soil(30–50 cm)were selected:sorghum hybrid s

关 键 词：东北黑土区 土壤压实 覆盖作物 根系穿透力 品种筛选 

分 类 号：S551[农业科学—作物学]