河南省潢川县第三次全国土壤普查成果的初步分析  

Preliminary Introduction to 3rd National Soil Survey in Huangchuan County,Henan Province

作　　者：马艳飞 解庆锋 李胜昌 霍清华[2] 陈晓飞 郭世豪 李红武 MA Yanfei;XIE Qingfeng;LI Shengchang;HUO Qinghua;CHEN Xiaofei;GUO Shihao;LI Hongwu(Henan Institute of Geological Sciences,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Henan Institute of Geological Survey,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省地质科学研究所,郑州450000 [2]河南省地质调查院,郑州450000

出　　处：《土壤》2025年第1期223-230,共8页Soils

基　　金：河南省农业农村厅潢川县第三次全国土壤普查项目(DKSHT20230004);郑州市多要素城市地质调查土壤环境监测项目(DKSHT-2021-0175);富锌土壤锌含量研究项目(JTZCKY2023015);土地质量地球化学调查监测样品采集信息管理系统开发项目(JTZCKY2024028)资助。

摘　　要：基于第三次全国土壤普查(以下简称“三普”,2022年)河南省试点县潢川县的土壤数据,结合第二次全国土壤普查(以下简称“二普”,1982年)成果,介绍了“三普”对“二普”土壤发生分类系统的更新,分析了土壤主要属性(pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾)的变化及其影响因素。结果表明:①潢川县土壤发生分类系统的更新主要表现为“二普”有3个土类、10个亚类、15个土属和53个土种,“三普”变为6个土类、14个亚类、21个土属和43个土种,新增了紫色土(下设1个土种)土类,在黄棕壤下新续分出黄褐土(下设8个土种)和红黏土(下设4个土种)2个土类,以及一些土属和土种也进行了相应的调整(合并和新增);②1982年以来,该县土壤pH和有效磷含量逐年降低,有机质和全氮含量逐年提升,速效钾含量起伏不定,主要原因是长期施用酸性肥料、秸秆还田以及绿肥种植所致;③土地利用方式上,旱改水和水改园较为普遍,这是造成“二普”后该县土壤类型发生改变的根本原因,主要转变包括黄褐土、黄棕壤和潮土变为水稻土,以及水稻土变为黄褐土和潮土;④该县耕地土壤存在酸化趋势,养分含量总体上不高,应采取有针对性的措施控制土壤酸化和提升地力。Based on the data of the 3rd National Soil Survey(2022)of Huangchuan County,Henan Province,combined with the data of the 2nd National Soil Survey(1982),this paper introduced the update of soil genetic classification system,analyzed the changes of soil main properties(pH,organic matter,available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium)and their influencing factors.The results showed that:1)The update of soil genetic classification system were mainly manifested in the followings,there were 3,10,15 and 53 kinds of soil groups,subgroups,genera and species respectively in soil genetic classification system of the 2nd National Soil Survey,which were changed into 6,14,21 and 43 respectively in soil genetic classification system of the 3rd National Soil Survey,yellow-cinnamon soil group(with 8 soil species)and red clay soil group(with 4 soil species)were newly divided from original yellow-brown soil group,purple soil group was added(with one soil species),in addition,some soil genus and species were also adjusted accordingly(including merged and added);2)Since 1982,soil pH and available phosphorus decreased gradually,organic matter and total nitrogen increased gradually,while available potassium changed irregularly,mainly because of long-term application of acid fertilizer,straw returning to field,and the planting of green manure corps;3)In terms of land use change,conversions from‘dry to water’and from‘water to garden’were more common,which led to the change of soil types,and the main changes included yellow-cinnamon soil,yellow-brown soil and fluvo-aquic soil changed into paddy soil,and paddy soil changed into brown-cinnamon soil and fluvo-aquic soil;4)There is a soil acidification trend in Huangchuan County,and the nutrient contents were also not high,therefore,the targeted measures need to be taken in order to control soil acidification and improve soil fertility.

关 键 词：第三次全国土壤普查 土壤发生分类系统 属性变化 影响因素 

分 类 号：S151.3[农业科学—土壤学]