典型塑料制品行业VOCs排放特征及环境健康风险评估  

Emission characteristics and environmental health risk assessment of VOCs from the typical plastic products industry

作　　者：聂鹏 刘娟娟 莫志成 张毅强 NIE Peng;LIU Juanjuan;MO Zhicheng;ZHANG Yiqiang(Zhongjie Lantian Investment Consulting Management Co.,Ltd;South China Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment;Zhaoqing High-Tech Zone Ecological Environment Monitoring Station)

机构地区：[1]中节能咨询有限公司 [2]生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 [3]肇庆高新区生态环境监测站

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2025年第2期358-367,共10页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2022A1515110111);有机地球化学国家重点实验室开放基金(SKLOG202009)。

摘　　要：针对丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)和聚丙烯(PP)塑料制品典型企业的注塑成型和热熔挤出工艺挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的排放特征进行调查,探讨其对臭氧生成潜势(OFP)、恶臭污染及环境健康的影响。结果表明,热熔挤出工艺的有组织废气VOCs排放浓度(41.5 mg/m^(3))显著高于注塑成型(1.24 mg/m^(3)),无组织废气VOCs排放浓度(1.66 mg/m^(3))高于注塑成型(1.25 mg/m^(3)),烷烃和芳香烃分别为2个工艺的主要贡献物种。OFP分析显示,注塑成型和热熔挤出的OFP主要贡献物种也分别为烷烃和芳香烃,应针对性地加以管控。恶臭污染方面,热熔挤出工艺的恶臭强度显著高于注塑成型工艺,其排放口恶臭组分复杂,主要包括苯乙烯、乙醛等,注塑成型则以醛类为主。健康风险评估表明,排放口总致癌风险显著超过限值,主要贡献组分为乙苯、苯及1,3-丁二烯;非致癌风险的主要贡献组分为丙烯醛、苯乙烯及1,3-丁二烯。注塑成型工艺的丙烯醛和热熔挤出工艺的苯乙烯存在较高的非致癌风险。We investigated the emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from the injection molding and hot-melt extrusion processes in typical ABS/PP plastic product manufacturing enterprises,and explored their impact on ozone formation potential(OFP),odor pollution,and environmental health.The results indicated that the stack emission concentration of VOCs from hot-melt extrusion(41.5 mg/m^(3))was significantly higher than that from injection molding(1.24 mg/m^(3)),while the fugitive emission concentration of VOCs from hot-melt extrusion(1.66 mg/m^(3))also exceeded that of injection molding(1.25 mg/m^(3)).Alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons were identified as the dominant contributing species for both processes.OFP analysis revealed that alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons were the primary contributors to OFP in injection molding and hot-melt extrusion,respectively,suggesting the need for targeted control measures.In terms of odor pollution,the odor intensity of hot-melt extrusion was significantly higher than that of injection molding,with complex odor components such as styrene and acetaldehyde detected at the exhaust outlets,while aldehydes dominated in injection molding.Health risk assessment demonstrated that the total carcinogenic risk at the exhaust outlets significantly exceeded the threshold,primarily attributed to ethylbenzene,benzene,and 1,3-butadiene.The main contributors to non-carcinogenic risks were acrolein,styrene,and 1,3-butadiene.Specifically,acrolein in injection molding and styrene in hot-melt extrusion posed relatively high non-carcinogenic risks.

关 键 词：丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS) 聚丙烯(PP) 挥发性有机化合物(VOCs) 臭氧生成潜势(OFP) 异味污染 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]