医疗废物焚烧处置退役场地土壤二噁英分布特征、源解析及概率风险评估  

Distribution characteristics,source analysis and probabilistic risk assessment of dioxins in soil at a decommissioned medical waste incineration site

作　　者：汪赟 宋小毛 许智华[3] WANG Yun;SONG Xiaomao;XU Zhihua(Hainan Pujin Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.;Haikou Engineering Technology Research Center of Soild Waste Treatment&Disposal and Soil Remediation;School of Environment and Architecture,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology)

机构地区：[1]海南墣锦环境科技股份有限公司 [2]海口市固废处理处置与土壤修复工程技术研究中心 [3]上海理工大学环境与建筑学院

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2025年第2期368-377,共10页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2024GXJS301);海口市科技计划项目(2024-011)。

摘　　要：以进行过10余年生产活动的医疗废物焚烧处置退役场地作为研究对象,采用统计分析、插值模拟、溯源解析等方法研究其土壤中二噁英(PCDD/Fs)的污染情况、空间分布及主要来源,同时结合蒙特卡罗模拟方法分析土壤中PCDD/Fs的健康风险概率。结果表明:研究区全部土壤样品中PCDD/Fs的总毒性当量质量浓度为0.18~1300.00 ng/kg,最高浓度出现在排放源的最大落地浓度位置及下游地势低处区域;源解析表明研究区土壤中的PCDD/Fs主要来源于医疗废物焚烧产生的烟气、飞灰和炉渣。第二类用地暴露情景下,基于研究区污染物浓度、中国本土化人群暴露参数不确定性的概率风险评估结果表明,本研究土壤中的PCDD/Fs的总致癌风险为2.14×10^(-7)~2.53×10^(-3),95%分位值为1.71×10^(−4);危害指数为1.38×10^(-2)~1.69×10^(2),95%分位值为11.4;各参数对总致癌风险和危害指数影响的敏感度差异不大,敏感度由高到低的参数分别为表层土壤中PCDD/Fs浓度、成人每日摄入土壤量、成人暴露期,其敏感度均值分别为76.4%、47.6%、33.2%;经口摄入土壤途径是最主要的暴露途径,皮肤接触途径次之。A medical waste incineration disposal site that had been decommissioned after more than 10 years of operation was taken as the research object.The contamination level,spatial distribution and the main sources of dioxins(PCDD/Fs)in soil were studied through statistical analysis,interpolation simulation and traceability analysis.Additionally,the probabilistic risk of PCDD/Fs in soil was analyzed by Monte Carlo simulation.The results showed that the total toxic equivalent concentration of PCDD/Fs ranged from 0.18 to 1300 ng/kg in all the soil samples in the study area,and the heaviest PCDD/Fs contaminated areas appeared in the maximum ground concentration location of the emission source,as well as downstream low-lying areas.The source tracing analysis indicated that the main sources of PCDD/Fs in the soil of the site were flue gas,fly ash,and slag produced from the incineration of medical waste.Under the second-type land exposure scenario,the probabilistic risk assessment results based on the uncertainty of the pollutant concentrations in the study area and the exposure parameters of the Chinese indigenous population showed that the carcinogenic risk of PCDD/Fs varied from 2.14×10^(-7)to 2.53×10^(-3)with a 95%percentile value of 1.71×10^(–4).The non-carcinogenic hazard quotient was 1.38×10^(–2)to 1.69×10^(2)with a 95%percentile value of 11.4.Parameter sensitivity analyses showed that the sensitivity of each parameter to the total carcinogenic risk and the non-carcinogenic hazard quotient varied little.The concentration of PCDD/Fs in surface soil was the dominant factor,contributing 76.4%of the sensitivities,followed by the daily oral ingestion of soil by adults(47.6%),and the exposure duration of adults(33.2%).Moreover,the main exposure route for both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hazards of PCDD/Fs was through oral ingestion of soil,followed by skin exposure.

关 键 词：医疗废物 二噁英 土壤 源解析 概率风险评估 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X825