我国高寒地区城镇生活污水处理技术应用与强化措施  

Application and enhancement measures of urban domestic sewage treatment technology in alpine regions of China

作　　者：郑人珲 杨开明 刘勇丽 曾明骁 高生旺[3] 邱旭 夏训峰 ZHENG Renhui;YANG Kaiming;LIU Yongli;ZENG Mingxiao;GAO Shengwang;QIU Xu;XIA Xunfeng(School of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Xihua University;Technical Centre for soil,Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment,Ministry of Ecology and Enviroment;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences;National Joint Research Center for Ecological Conservation and High Quality Development of the Yellow River Basin)

机构地区：[1]西华大学建筑与土木工程学院 [2]生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心 [3]中国环境科学研究院 [4]国家黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展联合研究中心

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2025年第2期427-435,共9页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展联合研究项目(2022-YRUC-01-0603)。

摘　　要：高寒地区空气稀薄、寒冷干燥、紫外线辐射强,导致城镇生活污水处理效率较低且不稳定,给当地的城镇生活污水处理带来挑战,有必要对其城镇生活污水处理技术进行总结以提升处理效率。总结了我国高寒地区城镇生活污水处理技术应用现状,指出高寒地区城镇生活污水处理主要采用氧化沟、SBR、A2O、MBR系列工艺;阐释了污水处理中存在的微生物活性低、污泥膨胀、微生物丰度下降等问题;梳理出城镇生活污水处理强化措施包括调控工艺参数、改良工艺、设置保温措施、采用组合工艺、进行生物强化等。针对高寒地区低温影响生活污水处理效率问题,建议从低温下培养耐冷菌、采用SBR及MBR系列工艺、开发新工艺三方面开展研究,以强化污水处理效能;针对高寒地区低氧问题,建议从优化曝气系统、增加曝气时间、结合厌氧好氧工艺三方面开展研究。未来,绿色低碳技术的研发应用将为高寒地区城镇生活污水处理提供新的解决方案。The thin air,cold and dryness,and strong ultraviolet radiation in the alpine regions lead to low and unstable urban domestic sewage treatment efficiency,which brings challenges to the local urban domestic sewage treatment.It is necessary to summarize the urban domestic sewage treatment technologies to improve the treatment efficiency.This paper summarizes the application status of urban domestic sewage treatment technology in alpine regions of China,and points out that the urban domestic sewage treatment in alpine regions mainly adopts oxidation ditch,sequencing batch reactors(SBR),anaerobic-anoxic-oxic(A2O)systems,and membrane bioreactors(MBR)series processes.The problems of low microbial activity,sludge swelling and decreased microbial abundance in sewage treatment are elucidated.Enhancement measures for urban domestic sewage treatment are proposed,including regulating process parameters,improving processes,setting up thermal insulation measures,adopting combined processes,and carrying out bioaugmentation.To strengthen the efficiency of sewage treatment,three research directions are recommended,including the cultivation of cold-resistant bacteria at low temperature,the use of SBR and MBR series processes,and the development of new processes.To address the problem of low DO,corresponding research directions are recommended,including optimizing the aeration system,increasing the aeration time,and combining anaerobic and aerobic technology.In the future,the research and application of green and low-carbon technologies should provide new solutions for the treatment of urban domestic sewage in alpine regions.

关 键 词：高寒地区 城镇生活污水 处理技术 生物处理 强化措施 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]