天山北坡某市夏季大气颗粒物重金属来源识别及健康风险评估  

Source analysis and health risk assessment of heavy metals in atmospheric particles in a city on the north slope of Tianshan Mountainsin summer

作　　者：曹元明 邓喜红[3] 魏雪峰 刘硕 解姣姣 苑春刚[2] 郭凤艳 邓双[1] CAO Yuanming;DENG Xihong;WEI Xuefeng;LIU Shuo;XIE Jiaojiao;YUAN Chungang;GUO Fengyan;DENG Shuang(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,China Academy of Environmental Sciences;Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,North China Electric Power University;Changsha Environmental Protection Vocational and Technical College;Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture Ecological Environment Monitoring Station)

机构地区：[1]环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,中国环境科学研究院 [2]华北电力大学环境科学与工程系 [3]长沙环境保护职业技术学院 [4]新疆维吾尔自治区昌吉生态环境监测站

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2025年第2期502-511,共10页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22206049);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2024MS174);新疆昌吉回族自治州大气污染综合解决方案研究。

摘　　要：采集了天山北坡某市开发区(A)、市区(B)和工业区(C和D)4个代表性点位的夏季PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)样品,分析了大气颗粒物及Cd、Sb、Pb等11种重金属浓度,结合富集因子、皮尔逊相关性和主成分分析方法,进行了大气颗粒物重金属的来源识别,并采用健康风险评价方法对该市不同区域和人群重金属的健康风险进行评估。结果表明:采样期间大气颗粒物重金属Co、Cd、Sb浓度较低,均低于1 ng/m^(3),而Mn、Ni、Zn、As重金属浓度较高,均超过15 ng/m^(3);市区大气重金属污染程度最严重,开发区最低;大气颗粒物中重金属浓度与其周围污染源具有相关性,工业区Zn、As、Ni、Pb、Cu浓度高于开发区和市区;大气V、Mn、Co主要来自自然源,而Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sb、Pb受到人类活动影响,其中As和Cd达到中度富集,受人为影响较大;该市夏季大气颗粒物主要来源分别为以工业、燃煤、交通尾气为主的混合源,自然及扬尘源,轮胎或刹车磨损产生的非尾气交通源;大气颗粒物中Mn非致癌指数最高(0.299~1.46),As和Ni致癌风险最高,且PM_(2.5)相比于PM_(10)具有更高的风险等级。PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)samples during summer were collected from four representative locations in development zone(A),urban area(B),and industrial zones(C and D)on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains.The concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter and 11 heavy metals,including Cd,Sb,and Pb,were analyzed.The methods of Enrichment Factor,Pearson correlation analysis,and principal component analysis were used to investigate the sources of heavy metal pollution in atmospheric particulate matter.The health risk assessment method was employed to evaluate the health risks of heavy metals in different regions and populations of the city.The results indicated that heavy metals Co,Cd,and Sb concentrations in atmospheric particulate matter were below 1 ng/m^(3)during the sampling period,while Mn,Ni,Zn,and As concentrations exceeded 15 ng/m^(3).The urban area exhibited the highest level of heavy metal pollution,while the development zone showed the lowest levels.The heavy metal content in atmospheric particulate matter correlated with local pollution sources,with the industrial zones having higher levels of Zn,As,Ni,Pb,and Cu compared to the development zone and urban area.In atmospheric particulate matter,V,Mn,and Co mainly originated from natural sources.At the same time,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Sb,and Pb were influenced by human activities,with As and Cd showing moderate enrichment and significant human influence.The main sources of atmospheric particulate matter in summer in the city were mixed sources mainly composed of industry,coal burning and traffic exhaust,natural and dust sources,and non-exhaust traffic sources caused by tire or brake wear.The non-carcinogenic risk index for Mn in atmospheric particulate matter was the highest(0.299-1.46),and the carcinogenic risk for As and Ni was the highest,with PM_(2.5)posing a higher risk level than PM_(10).

关 键 词：PM_(2.5) PM_(10) 重金属 源识别 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]