沙漠、戈壁和荒漠地区光伏系统生态影响研究进展  

Research progress on ecological impacts of photovoltaic systems in deserts,Gobi and desertification lands

作　　者：李森 赵京东 李泽东 张飞 白建华 杨晓晖[2] LI Sen;ZHAO Jingdong;LI Zedong;ZHANG Fei;BAI Jianhua;YANG Xiaohui(Safety and Environmental Protection Department,China Huadian Group Co.,Ltd.;Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration,Chinese Academy of Forestry;Xinjiang Huadian Tianshan Power Generation Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]中国华电集团有限公司安全环保部 [2]中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所 [3]新疆华电天山发电有限公司

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2025年第2期709-716,共8页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：中国电建集团企业重点研发项目(KY20240066)。

摘　　要：全球化石能源危机和碳中和目标的推动,使沙漠、戈壁和荒漠(沙戈荒)地区成为光伏项目开发的重点区域。为全面了解光伏开发的阶段性变化及其生态效应,采用CiteSpace和VOSviewer文献计量学方法,对近30年发表在国内外主要数据库的相关文献进行系统梳理与分析。结果表明,光伏开发经历了从技术探索到性能优化再到综合应用的阶段性演进:早期研究(2010年以前)集中于光伏系统的理论基础与可行性分析;2011—2015年,研究重点转向光伏系统优化与实际应用;2016年至今,关注光伏开发对生态环境的影响及其与多功能产业模式的融合,如“光伏+”在沙漠治理、农业种植及生态旅游中的应用。光伏开发在沙戈荒地区的生态影响展现出双重效应:一方面通过光伏板集雨与遮阴改善局地水分与气候条件,但同时大规模开发也可能导致土壤结构破坏,并引发生境破碎化等生态风险。未来应聚焦于光伏设施的更新迭代管理与废物回收技术开发,推动沙戈荒地区光伏项目的可持续发展。The global fossil energy crisis and the pursuit of carbon neutrality have established desert,Gobi and desertification lands as critical areas for photovoltaic(PV)project development.To fully understand the phased evolution of PV development and its ecological impacts,bibliometric analysis was conducted on research published over the past 30 years in key scientific databases.The findings indicate that PV development has followed a staged progression:from technological exploration to performance optimization and eventually to integrated applications.Early research(prior to 2010)focused on the theoretical foundations and feasibility analyses of PV systems;between 2011 and 2015,attention shifted to system optimization and practical applications;and since 2016,the focus has been on the ecological impacts of PV development and its integration with multifunctional industry models,such as"PV+"approaches in sand control,agriculture,and eco-tourism.The ecological impacts of PV development in desert,Gobi and desertification lands exhibit dual effects.On one hand,the rainwater collection and shading effects of PV panels enhance local water availability and microclimatic conditions.However,large-scale PV development may also lead to soil structure degradation and habitat fragmentation,posing ecological risks.Future efforts should focus on prioritizing the lifecycle management of PV facilities and the advancement of waste recycling technologies to promote the sustainable development of PV projects in desert,Gobi and desertification lands.

关 键 词：沙漠、戈壁和荒漠(沙戈荒) 光伏 生态影响 文献计量学 CiteSpace VOSviewer 

分 类 号：X382[环境科学与工程—环境工程]