微乳液相态技术在表面活性剂驱中的应用  

Application of microemulsion phase behavior technology in surfactant flooding

作　　者：隋欣 李禹羲 吕明[4,5] 张国印 丁奎升 SUI Xin;LI Yuxi;LÜMing;ZHANG Guoyin;DING Kuisheng(School of Public Utilities and Road Bridge Engineering,Shanghai Communications Polytechnic,Shanghai City,200030,China;Kazakh-British Technical University,Almaty,05000,Kazakhstan;Shandong GINZRE New Materials Development Co.,Ltd.,Jinan City,Shandong Province,250022,China;Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao City,Shandong Province,266101,China;Shandong Energy Institute,Qingdao City,Shandong Province,266101,China;Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory,Qingdao City,Shandong Province,266101,China;Beijing Hanneng Hydrocarbon Source Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing City,102400,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通职业技术学院公用事业和路桥工程学院,上海200030 [2]Kazakh-British Technical University,哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图05000 [3]山东金智瑞新材料发展有限责任公司,山东济南250022 [4]中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所,山东青岛266101 [5]山东能源研究院,山东青岛266101 [6]青岛新能源山东省实验室,山东青岛266101 [7]北京瀚能烃源科技有限公司,北京102400

出　　处：《油气地质与采收率》2025年第2期170-182,共13页Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency

基　　金：上海市教育科学研究项目“数字赋能行业驱动的新型高职智慧管网产业学院建设实践研究”(C2024184);中国建设教育协会教育教学科研课题重点项目“给排水行业产教融合人才培养的模式探索与实践”(2023054);上海交通职业技术学院科研创新团队建设项目“超大城市生命线韧性研究”(2024T01)。

摘　　要：表面活性剂可以显著降低油水界面张力,改变岩石润湿性以及促进油水乳化,因此在化学驱中应用非常广泛。认为只有在高浓度表面活性剂条件下才能形成中相微乳液,化学驱用表面活性剂评价主要依靠界面张力测量,而忽略了微乳液相态技术在三次采油用表面活性剂筛选和研制中的重要作用。近20年来,随着表面活性剂研发技术不断进步,低浓度表面活性剂、低酸值原油体系同样可以形成理想的中相微乳液,利用微乳液相态技术指导新型表面活性剂研制和复合体系性能优化已经势在必行。从微乳液概念的提出和分类出发,较系统地介绍了WinsorⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ型4种微乳液乳化类型,并从油水界面张力、表面活性剂分子结构和胶束形态等方面阐述了4种微乳液形成机理,分别为瞬时负界面张力理论、双重膜理论、R比理论和几何排列理论。针对相图类型识别,微乳液相中油、水和表面活性剂组成计算,以及实验室操作等方面对微乳液相态技术进行了全面介绍。在相态实验结果处理方面,详细介绍了如何通过各相体积变化计算油水两相在微乳液中的增溶指数,并通过增溶指数计算微乳液相与油水之间界面张力,确定复合体系最佳含盐度。以期能够引起对微乳液相态技术的重视,促进微乳液相态技术在高效三次采油用表面活性剂研发、驱油机理研究、复合体系配方优化等方面应用,从而提高中国复合驱技术水平。Surfactants are extensively used in chemical flooding due to their excellent ability to reduce oil-water interfacial tension,alter rock surface wettability,and promote oil-water emulsification.It was previously believed that the middle phase microemulsion could only occur at high surfactant concentrations.Therefore,the evaluation of surfactants for chemical flooding mostly depends on interfacial tension measurement.The role of microemulsion phase behavior technology in the screening and development of surfactants for tertiary oil recovery is neglected.Thanks to the technological advancement in surfactant development in the past two decades,ideal middle phase microemulsions have been achieved by crude oil systems with low acid values at low surfactant concentrations.As a result,it is imperative to use microemulsion phase behavior technology to guide the development of new surfactants and the performance optimization of the composite system.This paper started with the concept and classification of microemulsions and systematically introduced four emulsification types of microemulsions,namely WinsorⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,andⅣ.The formation mechanism of the four types of microemulsions was described from the aspects of oil-water interfacial tension,surfactant molecular structure,and micellar morphology.The mechanism involved instantaneous negative interfacial tension theory,duplex film theory,R ratio theory,and geometric arrangement theory.The microemulsion phase behavior technology was introduced in detail in terms of phase pattern identification,composition calculation of oil,water,and surfactant in the microemulsion phase,and laboratory operation.In terms of processing results of phase behavior experiments,it was introduced in detail how to calculate the solubilization index of the oil and water phases in the microemulsion through their respective volume changes and how to calculate the interfacial tension between the microemulsion phase and oil and water through the solubilization index,so as to determine the optimal sali

关 键 词：微乳液 相态 三次采油 最佳盐度 表面活性剂 

分 类 号：TE312[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]