略论古代目录中的子部法家类书籍分类  

The subcategory of"Legalists"in ancient catalogues

作　　者：卢雪姣 Lu Xuejiao

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875

出　　处：《贵州文史丛刊》2025年第1期20-28,共9页GUIZHOU CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL JOURNAL

基　　金：2021年国家社科基金特别委托项目“《永乐大典》综合研究、复原”(项目编号:21@ZH046)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：“法家”在古籍中的词义大致可以分为三种:先秦法家学派、刑法之学与典狱之官。在清代以前,文献目录中的子部法家类通常仅著录先秦法家类书籍。《四库全书总目》首次将历代刑法之学的书籍归入法家类,并为之后的文献目录所借鉴。这两种著录规则体现出不同历史时期目录编纂的演变,以及编纂者对于“法家”词义的不同理解。将历代刑法之学书籍收入其中,丰富了法家类书籍的范围,但从目录学的角度来说,“法家类”书籍的出现年代、表述内容和具体功用有所区别,简单地将所有书籍统归于法家类,在研究中容易造成忽略其演变过程,或者在理解上出现概念混淆等方面的问题。这是在研究此类书籍时需要加以关注的。The term"Legalist"in ancient books can be broadly divided into three categories:the Legalistic school of the pre-Qin period,the study of criminal law,and prison officials.Before the"CompendiumofFourBooks ClassificationCatalogue",the books in the Zi(Philosophy)section classified as Legalist usually only recorded books of the Legalistic school of the pre-Qin period.After the Song Dynasty,there were very few such books left.The"Compendium"was the first to include books on criminal law under the Legalistic category and has been followed by subsequent catalogs.These two catalog principles reflect different understandings of the term"Legalist."If we use the former,then the Legalistic books seen in the catalogs have since become extinct;if we use the latter,then Legalist cannot be said to have become extinct.The Legalistic school of the pre-Qin period and the study of criminal law after the pre-Qin period have significant differences in research scope and the ideas which they hold.It is debatable to include these two categories of books under the term"Legalist."

关 键 词：目录学 子部 法家类 刑法之学 

分 类 号：G257[文化科学—图书馆学]