城乡医保统筹能缩小居民收入差距吗?——基于收入端与支出端的研究  

Can the Integration of Urban and Rural Medical Insurance Narrow the Income Gap Between Residents?A Study from the Perspectives of Income and Expenditure

作　　者：刘畅[1] LIU Chang(School of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院,天津300071

出　　处：《经济经纬》2025年第2期29-41,共13页Economic Survey

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA052)。

摘　　要：聚焦于缩小居民收入差距与扎实推进共同富裕的目标,以城乡医保统筹为切入点,使用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据构造多期双重差分模型,评估城乡医保统筹对居民收入差距的影响。结果表明:城乡医保统筹显著减缓了居民收入差距扩大的趋势,平行趋势检验表明政策的效果随时间推移逐渐显现;机制分析表明,医保统筹通过收入端与支出端两条渠道惠及中低收入群体,能够有效降低该群体因病致贫、返贫的风险;进一步讨论发现,医保统筹显著减轻了农村居民尤其是农村中低收入群体的就医负担。因此,在持续完善城乡医保统筹的进程中,政策应更有针对性地向低收入群体倾斜,提升受益公平性,为实现共同富裕提供制度保障。Focusing on the goal of narrowing the income gap between residents and steadily advancing common prosperity,this study takes the integration of urban and rural medical insurance as the entry point.Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),a multi-period difference-in-differences(DID)model is constructed to evaluate the impact of the integration of urban and rural medical insurance on income inequality among residents.The conclusions indicate that the integration of medical insurance significantly mitigates the trend of widening income gaps among residents.Parallel trend tests demonstrate that the policy’s effects gradually emerge over time.Mechanism analysis proves that the integration of medical insurance benefits low-income groups,especially those in the middle-to-low income brackets,through both income and expenditure channels,effectively reducing the risk of poverty and re-poverty due to illness for these groups.Further discussions reveal that the integration of medical insurance significantly alleviates the medical burden on rural populations.Therefore,in the ongoing process of improving the integration of urban and rural medical insurance,it is essential to more specifically target policy design towards low-income groups,enhance the fairness of benefits,and provide institutional guarantees for achieving common prosperity.

关 键 词：城乡医保统筹 共同富裕 居民收入差距 基尼系数 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]