智能化转型、出口产品竞争力与产业链溢出效应  

Intelligent Transformation,Export Product Competitiveness and Industrial Chain Spillover Effects

作　　者：张志彬[1,2] 王典 韩峰[3] ZHANG Zhibin;WANG Dian;HAN Feng(Business School,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China;Research Center for Regional High-quality Development,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China;Joint Research Institute,Nanjing Audit University,Nanjing 211815,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学商学院,湖南湘潭411201 [2]湖南科技大学区域经济高质量发展研究中心,湖南湘潭411201 [3]南京审计大学联合研究院,江苏南京211815

出　　处：《经济经纬》2025年第2期55-67,共13页Economic Survey

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(22BJY046);湖南省哲学社会科学基金项目(23YBA134);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20231015)。

摘　　要：基于中国海关贸易数据创新性地从市场相似性视角构建“企业—产品”层面的出口竞争力指标,探究了智能化转型对企业出口产品竞争力的影响及其产业链溢出效应。研究结果表明:企业智能化转型显著促进了出口产品竞争力提升;机制检验结果显示,智能化转型通过增强产品价格竞争优势和产品质量竞争优势提升企业出口产品竞争力;异质性分析表明,智能化转型对具有同质性、加工贸易以及出口至发达国家的出口产品竞争力的促进效果更为显著;进一步分析发现,智能化转型对产业链某一分工环节的冲击会波及至上下游关联企业,兼具“前向溢出”和“后向溢出”的产业链传导效应;拓展性研究发现,企业智能化不仅有助于培育外贸新动能,也能推动出口企业积极参与国内大循环,其贸易拓展效应有利于出口多样化发展;智能化转型有助于现有出口产品市场渗透和市场开拓,对新出口产品竞争优势的“重塑”效应可能尚未形成。Based on Chinese customs trade data,this paper innovatively constructs an export competitiveness indicator at the“firm-product”level from the perspective of market similarity.It investigates the impact of intelligent transformation on the competitiveness of firms’exported products and its spillover effects along the industrial chain.The results indicate that the intelligent transformation of firms significantly enhances the competitiveness of their exported products.The mechanism analysis reveals that intelligent transformation boosts the competitiveness of exported products by strengthening both price competitiveness and quality competitiveness of the products.The heterogeneity analysis shows that intelligent transformation has a more significant impact on the competitiveness of exported products that are homogeneous,involve processing trade,and are exported to developed countries.Further analysis indicates that intelligent transformation can have a ripple effect on upstream and downstream firms through its impact on a particular segment of the industrial chain,featuring both forward and backward spillover effects along the industrial chain.The extended research finds that intelligent transformation of enterprises not only helps cultivate new momentum for foreign trade but also encourages exporting firms to actively participate in the domestic economic cycle.Its trade expansion effect is conducive to the diversification of exports.Intelligent transformation aids in market penetration and market development for existing export products.However,the“reshaping”effect on competitive advantages for new export products may not yet have been established.

关 键 词：智能化转型 出口产品竞争力 产业链溢出效应 外贸新动能 

分 类 号：F752.62[经济管理—国际贸易]