浅议物证鉴定范式转变  

A Brief Discussion on the Paradigm Shift of Identification of Physical Evidence

作　　者：宁港华 NING Ganghua(Criminal Investigation Police University of China,Shenyang 110854,China)

机构地区：[1]中国刑事警察学院刑事科学技术学院,辽宁沈阳110854

出　　处：《科技创新与生产力》2025年第3期32-35,39,共5页Sci-tech Innovation and Productivity

摘　　要：为探讨传统物证鉴定范式在法律与科学融合背景下向更科学、可靠、客观方向转变的必要性,通过分析不同范式的科学基础、鉴定思路及应用现状,推动物证鉴定领域的发展。文章归纳总结了学者对传统物证鉴定范式的质疑,结合以DNA个体识别为代表的似然比范式案例,分析当前不同范式的科学基础、鉴定思路、意见表达方式及其优缺点。似然比、RIV等新兴范式为物证鉴定提供了更科学可靠的思路以及科学化、标准化的发展方向,提升鉴定结果的客观性和可信度。In order to explore the necessity of changing traditional paradigms of material evidence identification to a more scientific,reliable and objective direction under the background of the integration of law and science,the scientific basis,identification ideas and application status of different paradigms are analyzed to promote the development of the field of physical evidence identification.This paper summarizes scholars'doubts on the traditional paradigms of physical evidence identification,and analyzes the scientific basis,identification ideas,expression of opinions and their advantages and disadvantages of different paradigms in combination with the likelihood ratio paradigms represented by DNA individual identification.Emerging paradigms such as likelihood ratio and RIV provide a more scientific and reliable idea and a scientific and standardized development direction for the identification of physical evidence,and enhance the objectivity and credibility of the identification results.

关 键 词：物证鉴定 范式转变 似然比 量化 

分 类 号：D918[政治法律—法学]