火电行业低碳发展技术路线研究及建议  

Research and Suggestions for Low-carbon Development Technology Routes for Thermal Power Industry

作　　者：杜仁伟 罗鹏 鲁豪 赵凤梅 王文 吴其荣 Du Renwei;Luo Peng;Lu Hao;Zhao Fengmei;Wang Wen;Wu Qirong(Technology Branch of Chongqing Yuanda Flue Gas Control Franchise Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401122;Guiyang Zhongdian Environmental Power Generation Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang Guizhou 550029;Jingdezhen Branch of Jiangxi Electric Power Engineering Co.,Ltd.,State Power Investment Corporation Ltd.,Jingdezhen Jiangxi 333036;State Power Investment Henan Nanyang Thermoelectric Co.,Ltd.,Nanyang Henan 473003;China Power Investment Green Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200086)

机构地区：[1]重庆远达烟气治理特许经营有限公司科技分公司,重庆401122 [2]贵阳中电环保发电有限公司,贵州贵阳550029 [3]国家电投集团江西电力工程有限公司景德镇分公司,江西景德镇333036 [4]国电投南阳热电有限责任公司,河南南阳473003 [5]中电投绿能科技有限公司,上海200086

出　　处：《中外能源》2025年第4期89-94,共6页Sino-Global Energy

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项“CO_(2)捕集与制备高附加值产品关键技术及装备研发”(编号:CSTB2023TIADKPX0068);重庆英才计划青年拔尖人才项目“化学吸收法碳捕集技术研究”(编号:CQYC2021059461)。

摘　　要：在“双碳”背景下,火电行业正面临低碳转型发展问题。与欧美采用清洁或低碳能源直接替代煤电的策略不同,我国以煤为主的能源结构短期内难以根本改变,火电行业的碳排放控制是一个逐渐递减的过程,因此发展煤电的低碳排放技术十分必要。实现火电机组降碳可行的技术路线及措施主要有机组优化、节能改造、低碳能源掺烧、CCUS以及与新能源耦合等。通过机组运行参数优化可使机组煤耗和碳排放量相差高达50%,机组容量优化和机组负荷调整等措施可减碳10%~50%;节能改造和污泥掺烧减碳效果相对有限,一般在10%以下;生物质掺烧和氢氨掺烧理论上可降低碳排放40%~90%;而CCUS技术可将燃煤电厂的碳排放量减少90%以上。建议火电行业可采取分三个阶段实现不同减碳目标的低碳发展路径。第一阶段采用的技术路线包括机组优化和节能改造,实现约20%的减碳量;第二阶段采用的主要技术路线是生物质或者氢氨掺烧、与新能源耦合等,实现约40%的碳减排量;第三阶段通过CCUS等主动性降碳措施,实现火电机组90%的降碳目标。火电行业要加快低碳化发展技术研究与示范布局,培育火电与生物质、新能源的耦合发展,同时合理优化机组容量,采用先进的低煤耗技术,提升火电机组的整体竞争力。In the context of‘dual carbon’goals,the thermal power industry is facing low-carbon transformation and development.Different from Europe and the United States which directly replace coal-fired power with clean or low-carbon energy,China's coal-based energy structure is difficult to fundamentally change in the short term,and the control of carbon emissions from the thermal power industry is a gradual process,so it is necessary to develop low-carbon emission technologies for coal-fired power generation.The feasible technology routes and measures to achieve carbon reduction of thermal power units mainly include unit optimization,energy-saving transformation,low-carbon energy co-combustion,CCUS,and coupling with new energy.The coal consumption and carbon emissions of thermal power units can be reduced by up to 50%through the optimization of unit operating parameters,and the carbon emissions can be reduced by 10%-50%by taking measures such as unit capacity optimization and unit load adjustment.Energy saving transformation and sludge cocombustion have limited carbon reduction effect,generally less than 10%.Biomass co-combustion and hydrogen-ammonia co-combustion can theoretically reduce carbon emissions by 40%-90%.CCUS technology can reduce the carbon emissions from coal-fired power plants by more than 90%.It is suggested that the thermal power industry adopt a low-carbon development path that achieves different carbon reduction targets in three stages.The technology routes adopted in the first stage include unit optimization and energy-saving transformation,which can achieve about 20%of the carbon emission reduction.The main technology routes adopted in the second stage include biomass or hydrogen-ammonia co-combustion and coupling with new energy,which can achieve about 40%of the carbon emission reduction.In the third stage,active carbon reduction measures such as CCUS are adopted to achieve 90%of the carbon reduction target of thermal power units.The thermal power industry should speed up the research and demons

关 键 词：火电行业 低碳发展路径 机组优化 掺烧 CCUS技术 碳减排目标 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]