道路对青藏高原湿地景观影响的生态风险评价  

Ecological risk assessment of road impacts on wetland landscapes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：张东水[1,3] 李泳兴 韩用顺 李同生[2,3] 李秀全 韦建超 钟品 李岳烽 ZHANG Dongshui;LI Yongxing;HAN Yongshun;LI Tongsheng;LI Xiuquan;WEI Jianchao;ZHONG Pin;LI Yuefeng(Earth Science and Space Information Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,Hunan,China;Geohazards Survey and Monitor Institute of Hunan Province,Changsha 410004,China;Hunan Geological Disaster Monitoring Early Warning and Emergency Rescue Engineering Technology Research Center,Changsha 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学地球科学与空间信息工程学院,湖南湘潭411201 [2]湖南省地质灾害调查监测所,长沙410004 [3]湖南省地质灾害监测预警与应急救援工程技术研究中心,长沙410004

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2025年第3期823-833,共11页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：科技部基地与人才专项-第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2021QZKK0203-02);湖南省地质院重大科研项目(HNGSTP202303)资助。

摘　　要：道路扩张导致湿地景观破碎化、连接度下降和生态风险增加,对青藏高原典型生态脆弱区的湿地保护和可持续发展构成了严峻挑战。定量评估道路对景观格局和生态风险的影响程度及其空间异质性,是探明道路对该地区湿地影响的关键。以青藏高原三江源国家公园长江源园区为研究区,通过情景分析、空间关联与地理加权回归,探讨了1990—2020年道路对不同湿地类型景观结构和景观生态风险影响的量化关系及其时空异质特征。结果表明:(1)道路扩张显著增大了不同湿地类型景观结构的差异,其中对滩地斑块密度和形状、盐碱地连通性影响最大,对湖泊影响最小。(2)30年间,长江源园区道路网络密度在东南部增长较快,以乡村为中心,低密度增加为主;湿地景观高风险、较高风险、中风险面积呈阶梯式下降趋势,高风险区集中在盐碱地、冰雪及河流沼泽交汇湿地区。(3)30年间,研究区以高道路密度-低生态风险聚类增加为主,该类区域集中在低等级道路分布区,表明低等级道路增加对湿地景观生态风险影响不显著;高生态风险-高道路密度聚类多集中于G109国道沿线,高等级道路沿线湿地景观生态风险更大;中部盐碱地与河谷滩地区道路密度与湿地景观生态风险呈正相关,高等级道路的建设会增加湿地景观生态风险的强度。本研究结果可为青藏高原生态脆弱区湿地保护与道路建设规划提供科学依据。The expansion of road networks has resulted in the fragmentation of wetland landscapes,decreased connectivity and increased ecological risks,presenting a big challenge to wetland conservation and sustainable development in the ecologically fragile regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Quantitative assessment of the impacts of roads on landscape patterns and ecological risks,as well as their spatial heterogeneity,is crucial to comprehending the effects of roads on wetlands.We investigated the quantitative relationships between the impacts of roads on the structure of different wetland landscapes and the associated ecological risks,along with their spatial-temporal variations from 1990 to 2020 in the Yangtze River Source Area within the Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Data were analyzed with scenario analysis,spatial association,and geographically weighted regression.The results showed that:(1)Road expansion enlarged the differences of landscape structure of different wetland types.The most significant effects were observed in the patch density and landscape shape index of riparian wetlands,and the connectivity of salt marshes,while the impact on lakes was minimal.(2)Over the past three decades,road network density increased more rapidly in the southeast,mainly characterized by low-density growth centered around villages.The areas of wetland landscapes at high,relatively high,and moderate ecological risk levels showed a stepwise declining trend,with high-risk zones being concentrated in salt marshes,glacial wetlands,and the confluence of riverine and marshy wetlands.(3)Throughout the study period,the area primarily witnessed an increase in clusters of high road density and low ecological risk.These clusters were concentrated in areas with lower-grade roads,indicating that the addition of lower-grade roads did not significantly affect the ecological risk to wetland landscapes.Conversely,areas with high ecological risk and high road density were predominantly concentrated along the G109 highway

关 键 词：湿地景观 道路网络 生态风险 空间异质性 青藏高原 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]