低温适应后红头长尾山雀的代谢率增高和热中性区变宽  

Black-throated bushtits acclimated to low temperature show higher metabolic rate and wider thermal neutral zone

作　　者：徐铭茹 邵明辉 陈可欣 黄星瑜 金鸿 柳劲松[1] XU Mingru;SHAO Minghui;CHEN Kexin;HUANG Xingyu;JIN Hong;LIU Jinsong(College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou 325035,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]温州大学生命与环境科学学院,浙江温州325035

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2025年第3期939-945,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31971420和32371573)资助。

摘　　要：动物的代谢产热特征与物种的分布密切相关,基础代谢率(basal metabolic rate,BMR)是内温动物代谢产热的重要组成部分。本实验测定了温州地区留鸟红头长尾山雀(Aegithalos concinnus)经低温(10℃)和常温(23℃)适应4周后在不同环境温度(15、20、22、24、26、28、30、32、34、36、38和40℃)下体重、体温和代谢率(metabolic rate,MR)的变化并计算其热传导。代谢率和体温分别采用开放式氧气分析仪和数字式温度测量仪测定。结果表明:低温组红头长尾山雀的体重和BMR分别为6.3±0.1 g和23.42±0.28 mL O_(2)·h^(-1),常温组的体重和BMR分别为5.9±0.1 g和18.80±0.28 mL O_(2)·h^(-1)。低温组和常温组红头长尾山雀的热中性区分别为26~38℃和28~34℃。在下临界温度以下,低温组和常温组的红头长尾山雀的MR均与环境温度(ambient temperature,Ta)呈显著负相关,其关系式分别为MR=52.64-1.06Ta和MR=47.26-1.02Ta。以上结果表明,低温适应下的红头长尾山雀具有较高的体重和BMR、较低的下临界温度和较宽的热中性区,这些代谢产热能力的可塑性有助于它们更好地适应低温环境以获得最大适合度。Species distribution of animals is closely related to the metabolic thermogenesis.Basal metabolic rate(BMR)plays an important role in metabolic thermogenesis in endotherms.In this study,we examined the changes in body mass,body temperature and metabolic rate(MR)over a range of ambient temperatures(15,20,22,24,26,28,30,32,34,36,38 and 40℃,respectively)in black-throated bushtits(Aegithalos concinnus)acclimated to cold(10℃)or normal(23℃)ambient temperature conditions for four weeks,and then calculated thermal conductance.The MR and body temperature were measured by open oxygen analyzer and a lubricated thermocouple inserted into the cloaca,respectively.Results showed that body mass and BMR of the 10℃group were 6.3±0.1 g and 23.42±0.28 mL O_(2)·h^(-1),respectively,while the body mass and BMR of the 23℃group were 5.9±0.1 g and 18.80±0.28 mL O_(2)·h^(-1),respectively.The thermal neutral zones(TNZ)of the 10℃group and the 23℃group were 26-38℃and 28-34℃,respectively.Below the lower critical temperature,MR increased linearly with decreasing ambient temperatures(Ta),and the fitting equations of MR for the 10℃group and the 23℃group were MR=52.64-1.06Ta and MR=47.26-1.02Ta,respectively.Taken together,the black-throated bushtits acclimated at 10℃underwent a significant increase in body mass and BMR.Furthermore,the cold-acclimated black-throated bushtits showed a lower critical temperature and a wider TNZ compared with the birds kept at 23℃.The plasticity of metabolism and thermogenesis benefited the birds in adapting to variations in ambient temperature to acquire a maximum fitness.

关 键 词：红头长尾山雀 环境温度 下临界温度 代谢产热 热中性区 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]