五倍子水提液和三氯异氰尿酸对两种纤毛虫种群生长的影响  

Effects of Galla chinensis extract and trichloroisocyanuric acid on population growth of two ciliate species

作　　者：齐红莉 刘家乐 张欣悦 李安琪 孙思涵 周孟广 QI Hongli;LIU Jiale;ZHANG Xinyue;LI Anqi;SUN Sihan;ZHOU Mengguang(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture,College of Fisheries Science,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院水产学院,天津市水产生态及养殖重点实验室,天津300384

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2025年第3期968-974,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32102764);山东省重大科技创新工程专项“海洋药源生物基础研究”(2018SDKJ0406-4)资助。

摘　　要：为评估五倍子水提液和三氯异氰尿酸(TCCA)两种水产养殖常用药物的毒性,探究了这两种药物影响下中华游仆虫(Euplotes sinica)和尾草履虫(Paramecum caudatum)的种群动力学变化。采用静水试验法测定了五倍子水提液和TCCA对两种纤毛虫的杀灭效果,进行了两种纤毛虫在五倍子水提液和TCCA下的亚急性毒性试验,监测其种群动力学参数——种群生长率(r)和世代时间(G)的变化。结果表明:五倍子水提液对中华游仆虫和尾草履虫24 h的LC50分别为282.69、326.06 mg·L^(-1),TCCA对中华游仆虫和尾草履虫24 h的LC50分别为0.312、0.321 mg·L^(-1);中华游仆虫和尾草履虫对五倍子水提液和TCCA的敏感性顺序均为TCCA>五倍子水提液。亚急性试验结果表明:112.58 mg·L^(-1)五倍子水提液和0.24 mg·L^(-1)TCCA浓度对中华游仆虫的种群生长抑制最显著(P<0.01),r分别为(0.43±0.036)d-1、(0.39±0.004)d-1,G分别为(1.62±0.036)d、(1.77±0.002)d;135.30 mg·L^(-1)五倍子水提液和0.25 mg·L^(-1)TCCA浓度对尾草履虫种群生长抑制最显著(P<0.01),r分别为(0.22±0.002)d-1、(0.12±0.003)d-1,G分别为(3.12±0.025)d、(5.84±0.175)d;高浓度的五倍子水提液和TCCA能显著抑制两种纤毛虫的种群生长,TCCA用于水产养殖中的抗菌药物相较于五倍子水提液更为安全。试验结果丰富了五倍子水提液和TCCA对纤毛虫的毒理学数据。We evaluated the toxicity of two commonly used aquaculture drugs,Galla chinensis extract and trichloroisocyanuric acid(TCCA),on the population dynamics of Euplotes sinica and Paramecium caudatum.Under hydrostatic conditions,acute toxicity test was conducted to investigate acute-lethal effects of both drugs,and subacute toxicity test was conducted to monitor the changes in population growth rate(r)and generation time(G)of two ciliates.The results showed that the LC50 of G.chinensis extract to E.sinica and P.caudatum were 282.69 and 326.06 mg·L^(-1),and 0.312 and 0.321 mg·L^(-1)for TCCA,respectively.The sensitivity of both E.sinica and P.caudatum to TCCA was higher than to G.chinensis extract.The results of subacute toxicity test showed 112.58 mg·L^(-1)G.chinensis extract and 0.24 mg·L^(-1)TCCA had the strongest inhibition effects on population growth of E.sinica(P<0.01),with the growth rate being(0.43±0.036)d-1,(0.39±0.004)d-1,and generation time being(1.62±0.036)d,(1.77±0.002)d,respectively.The inhibitory effects of 135.3 mg·L^(-1)G.chinensis extract and 0.25 mg·L^(-1)TCCA on population growth of P.caudatum were the most significant(P<0.01),with the growth rate being(0.22±0.002)d-1,(0.12±0.003)d-1,generation time being(3.12±0.025)d,(5.84±0.175)d,respectively.High concentration of G.chinensis extract and TCCA could significantly inhibit population growth of the two ciliates.As an antibacterial drug,TCCA is safer than G.chinensis extract in aquaculture.Our results enriched the toxicological data of these two drugs on ciliates.

关 键 词：中华游仆虫 尾草履虫 三氯异氰尿酸 五倍子提取液 种群生长率 世代时间 

分 类 号：S948[农业科学—水产养殖]