鱼类的反捕食策略研究进展  

A review on anti-predator strategies in fish

作　　者：周岢莹 付世建 郑世龙 付成 ZHOU Keying;FU Shijian;ZHENG Shilong;FU Cheng(Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学进化生理与行为学实验室/动物生物学重庆市重点实验室,重庆401331

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2025年第3期1010-1020,共11页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(NSFC 31700340和32370509);重庆市自然科学基金项目(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0835);重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYS23396)资助。

摘　　要：反捕食策略是动物的一种自我防御机制,可保护自身免受或减少来自捕食者的伤害。鱼类作为脊椎动物最大的一个类群,其反捕食策略复杂多样且一直备受关注。遭遇捕食胁迫时,鱼类可能会在形态、行为、生理等层面表现出反捕食响应,相关研究已成为鱼类学研究的重要内容,并为探讨鱼类的适应性进化提供了关键的线索。本文对鱼类的反捕食策略进行了总结和归纳,主要包括猎物鱼在形态上的改变、生理功能的提高与激素调节、反捕食行为、生活史策略以及对多重捕食者的适应五个部分,分析了其中的机制和关联,并探讨了鱼类反捕食策略的生态收益及代价。在此基础上提出了鱼类反捕食策略可能存在的“冗余”和“节约”效应,以及未来可能的研究热点。The anti-predator strategy is a self-defense mechanism in animals that protects them from or reduces harm inflicted by predators.Fish is the largest group of vertebrates,and the diverse anti-predator strategies of which have long been a subject of attention.When facing predatory threats,fish may exhibit anti-predator responses at morphological,behavioral,and physiological aspects.Research in this area has become a crucial aspect of ichthyology,providing essential clues for exploring the adaptive evolution of fish.We summarize and categorize the anti-predator strategies of fish,including changes in the morphology of prey fish,enhancements in physiological functions and hormone regulation,anti-predator behaviors,life history strategies,and adaptations to multiple predators.The mechanisms and correlations among these strategies are analyzed,and the ecological benefits and costs of fish anti-predator strategies are discussed.Furthermore,we suggest that the combination of different anti-predator strategies could be“redundant”or“economical”,and propose future research areas of interest.

关 键 词：鱼类 捕食者 反捕食策略 行为 游泳 能量代谢 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]