梅花鹿长期活动对植物群落及土壤有机碳累积变化的影响  

Long-term impacts of Cervus nippon on plant community and soil organic carbon accumulation

作　　者：杨漫婷 郑美扬 林松 杜芳芳 张峰[4] 童根平 傅伟军[1] YANG Manting;ZHENG Meiyang;LIN Song;DU Fangfang;ZHANG Feng;TONG Genping;FU Weijun(College of Environment and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Zhejiang Jiaoke Environmental Technology Limited Company,Hangzhou 311300,China;Zhejiang Public Welfare Forest and Stateowned Forest Farm Management Station,Hangzhou 310020,China;Zhejiang Forest Resources Monitoring Center,Hangzhou 310020,China;Management Office,Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve of Zhejiang,Hangzhou 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,杭州311300 [2]浙江交科环境科技有限公司,杭州311300 [3]浙江省公益林和国有林场管理总站,杭州310020 [4]浙江省森林资源监测中心,杭州310020 [5]浙江清凉峰国家级自然保护区管理局,杭州311300

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2025年第3期811-818,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY20C160004)资助。

摘　　要：大型动物的活动可对森林生态系统产生直接影响。为探明梅花鹿活动对保护区生态服务功能的影响,以浙江清凉峰国家级自然保护区内千顷塘针阔混交林为研究对象,解译梅花鹿干扰条件下植物群落结构、土壤理化性质、土壤有机碳累积量的耦合联动关系。结果表明:林下植被地上生物量随着梅花鹿圈养年限(10年、15年、20年)的增加而降低,禁养区显著高于各圈养区,且圈养区与禁养区相比植物种类组成较简单、科属较单一、植被覆盖率低。梅花鹿圈养区土壤有机碳累积量(SCS)和有机碳含量分别比禁养区低10.6%~54.3%和22.7%~64.5%,且SCS随梅花鹿干扰年限的增加而降低。综合Pearson相关性分析、冗余分析和结构方程模型分析发现,植物地上生物量及其重要值与SCS呈极显著正相关,且植被因子对土壤养分(全钾和碱解氮)和SCS的总效应分别表现为极显著直接正向影响(0.818、1.076);而梅花鹿圈养年限对SCS表现为显著间接负向影响(-1.207),对土壤容重表现为极显著直接正向影响(0.926),对植被因子表现为极显著直接负向影响(-1.069)。综上,梅花鹿在限定范围内长期活动会通过破坏森林的植物群落进一步降低表层土壤全钾、碱解氮含量和有机碳累积量,改变土壤结构。建议重新选择并扩大梅花鹿的保护范围,以维持森林与动物的和谐发展。Large animal activities directly affect forest ecosystems.To understand the impact of Cervus nippon activi-ties on the ecosystem function of the reserve,we investigated the interrelationships among plant community structure,soil physico-chemical properties,and soil organic carbon stocks(SCS)under the interference of C.nippon in a mixed conifer-broadleaved forest located in Qianqingtang of Zhejiang Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve,Zhejiang Province.The results showed that the aboveground biomass of understory decreased with increasing duration(10,15 and 20 years)of C.nippon captivity,with significantly higher biomass in the forbidden area than each captive area.Plant communities in the captive areas were simpler and more homogeneous than the forbidden area.SCS and organic carbon content in the C.nippon captive area were 10.6%-54.3% and 22.7%-64.5% lower,respectively,than those in the forbidden area.SCS decreased with increasing years of C.nippon disturbance.Additionally,aboveground biomass and its importance values were positively correlated with SCS.Plant factors demonstrated significant direct positive effects on soil nutrients(total potassium and available nitrogen)and SCS,with effect values of 0.818 and 1.076,respectively.The years of C.nippon captivity showed a significant indirect negative effect on SCS(-1.207),a highly significant direct positive effect on soil bulk density(0.926),and a markedly significant direct negative effect on plant factors(-1.069).In summary,the long-term disturbance of C.nippon within a limited range may reduce soil nutrients and SCS in the surface soil by destroying plant community and altering soil structure.Therefore,it was recommended to reconsider and expand the scope of protection for C.nippon to foster the harmonious development of both forests and wildlife.

关 键 词：亚热带山地森林 华南梅花鹿 土壤有机碳累积 森林土壤 

分 类 号：S85[农业科学—兽医学]